Compiled By Melchor F. Cichon College Librarian III College of
Fisheries and Ocean Sciences Library University of the Philippines in the
Visayas Miag-ao, Iloilo 5023 Philippines gumamilacruz@yahoo.com Last Updated:
January 25, 2008 Note: Part 1: Items 1 to 100)*
Notes:
Somebody was so interested on my old email address, so I lost it.
address.3/4/2008 Introduction
*It is unfortunate that when I edited this section, some items were
accidentally deleted and I cannot retrieve them anymore.
This collection of Filipiniana masteral and doctoral theses with
abstracts on fisheries was prepared to help researchers in their search for
information on the various aspects of fisheries and aquatic sciences. Most of
these items were prepared by UP in the Visayas College of Fisheries and Ocean
Sciences (UPV-CFOS) students. Some were prepared by Filipinos who graduated
abroad. The items have been arranged by species or by major topics for easy
access. To further increase the facility in the retrieval of information, three
types of indexes have been prepared: Author index, Taxonomic Index, and Subject
Index. Most of the items in this collection are found at the UPV-CFOS Library.
Acknowledgment This work could not have been possible without the help of the
following colleagues: Ms. Teresita R. Ledesma, Mrs. Ninfa L. Bandorio and Mrs.
Agnes Limjuco. Location of Materials CFOSL-Serials—College of Fisheries and
Ocean Sciences, Serial Section Library, University of the Philippines in the
Visayas. Miag-ao, Iloilo, 5023, Philippines ICLARM Library, it used to be in
Makati City, Metro Manila, Philippines. I do not know if the materials were
brought to Mlaysia when the institution transferred to Malaysia. PCARR Library,
Los Baños. Laguna SEAFDEC-AQD Library; Tigbauan, Iloilo, Philippines
UPV-Brackishwater Aquaculture Center Library; UPVCFOSL, Leganes, Iloilo,
Philippines
. Effendy, Irwan Junaidi. Study on early developmental stages of donkey ear abalone, Haliotis asinina Linnaeus, 1758. March 2000. 140 leaves. Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries-U. P. in the Visayas. Miag-ao, Iloilo. Location: CFOSL-Serials (LG995 2000 F5 I78) This study was conducted to determine the optimal salinity and temperature suitable for H. asinina during the early embryonic and post embryonic developmental stages. Factorial Completely randomized Design was used in experiment. This study was conducted by Stocking fertilized eggs and newly hatched larvae in 4 levels of temperature (23o, 26o, 29o and 32o C +- 0.5oC) and 4 levels of salinity (25, 30, 35 and 40 ppt). The effect on the duration of development, hatching time, hatching rate, survival rate of larvae and larval sizes was evaluated. // The eggs that were spawned and fertilized at 29o C and salinity 30 ppt were directly stocked at the different combination of temperature and salinity without acclimatization. No impairment of the embryos manifested when the level of salinity was changed from 30 ppt to either 25 ppt or 35 ppt and when the temperature was directly changed from 29 oC to either 26oC or 23 OC. However it was detrimental when salinity changed to 40 ppt or when the temperature was increased to 32 oC. Changing both salinity and temperature at certain levels showed better response than those kept at stable salinity and temperature during spawning or fertilization. Increasing temperature until 29oC or the salinity up to 35ppt shortened the duration of embryonic development. 75 to 80 - of fertilized eggs developed only until 2 cell stage when incubated at 32oC or 40 ppt. Combination of 29 oC and 35 ppt showed faster hatching time (301 minutes) than those incubated at 29o C and 30 ppt (326 min) (P<0 -.="" -="" .01="" 0.28="" 0="" 1.154="" 11.98="" 125.83="" 127.17="" 161.3="" 162.3="" 23oc="" 25="" 26o="" 26oc="" 29oc="" 30="" 35="" 35ppt="" all="" and="" asinina="" at="" both="" but="" combination.="" combination="" constant="" creeping="" developed="" difference="" different="" eggs="" every="" faster="" found="" from="" frtilized="" h.="" hatched="" hatching="" higher="" highest="" in="" incubated="" incubating="" kept="" larvae="" level="" lower="" mean="" minutes="" newly="" not="" o="" oc="" of="" only="" ppt.="" ppt="" ranged="" rate="" reared="" salinities="" salinity="" same="" significant="" significantly-slower="" significantly="" size="" sizes="" stage="" stocked="" survival="" temperature.="" temperature="" than="" that="" the="" there="" those="" thre="" time="" to="" treatments="" trochopore="" trochpore="" um="" until="" was="" were="" when="" with="" x="">0.05). The larvae kept at temperature 26oC both at salinity 30 ppt and 35 ppt had the biggest size, with the mean of 283.3 +- 12.9 X 166.67 +_ 25.8 um and 283.93 +_ 12.1 X 217.23 +_ 8.01 UM, respectively. The larvae kept at 29o C were bigger...- Algae
2. Arifin, Syamsul. The effect of varying levels of salinity and
organic matter on the growth and composition of lab-lab. March 1984. 112
leaves. Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries-U. P. in the Visayas. Miag-ao, Iloilo.
Location: CFOSL-Serials (LG995 1984 F5 A75)- A 45-day culture of lab-lab to
determine its growth and composition in 44 levels of salinity (S1 = 0 ppt, S2 =
10 ppt, S3 = 20 ppt and S4 = 30 ppt) and two levels of organic matter (OM1 =5-
and OM2 = 10-) was conducted using experimental plots (1 x 1 x 0.4 m) at the
Brackishwater Aquaculture Center, University of the Philippines in the Visayas,
Leganes, Iloilo. The study was conducted in the 4 x2 factorial arrangement in a
completely randomized design (CRD) with 3 replicates. The desired levels of
organic matter were obtained by applying chicken manure and the salinity by
mixing the fresh and brackishwater. Organic matter levels of the soil
considerably affected the chemical properties of water and soil. Higher organic
matter levels showed increase in available phosphorous, reactive phosphoroous
and ammonia-nitrogen concentration, but a decrease in water and soil pH.
Salinity did not generally affect the levels of ammonia, reactive phosphorous
and the pH of soil. However, 0 ppt salinity had slightly higher water pH. The
ash free dry weight of lab-lab was significantly higher in treatments with 5-
organic matter than in treatments with 10 - organic matter. The growth of
lab-lab at 0 ppt salinity was significantly lower than 10 ppt, 20 ppt and 30
ppt. For the entire culture period the correlation coefficients between ash
free dry weight lab-lab and most soil and water properties monitored
(ammonia-nitrogen, reactive phosphorus, available phosphorus, water pH, soil pH
and total nitrogen)-were low. The reactive phosphorus showed high concentration
during 1st to 3rd weeks, and water pH during the 5th to 7th weeks. Generally,
total primary productivity, as reflected by dissolved oxygen, was evidently
high in treatments with 5- organic matter content. The levels of significance
using Duncan's multiple range test showed irregular trends with time. The
dominant biota fund in lab-lab were Chlorella and Synedra for the plant, and
Ciliata, Flagellata and Branchiopoda for the animal.
3. Bantillo, Rosario Rubin. The effects of different salinity and
organic matter levels on the growth of blue-green algae. March 1983. 117
leaves. Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries-U. P. in the Visayas. Miag-ao, Iloilo.
Location: CFOSL-Serials (LG995 1983 F5 B358)-A one-month culture of lab-lab to
determine the growth of blue-green algae in three levels of salinity (15 ppt =
S1, 30 ppt = S2, and 45 ppt = S3) and two levels of organic matter (3.4 to 4.4-
+ OM1 and 6.5 to 7.8 - = OM2) was conducted using a twenty-two plastic
containers (diameter = 43 cm, height = 49 cm) at the University of the Philippines
in the Visayas, Brackishwater Aquaculture Center, Leganes, Iloilo. The study
utilized a 3x2 factorial experiment in completely randomized design with three
replicates. Organic matter levels of the soil affected the chemical properties
of soil and water (available phosphorous, reactive phosphorous,
ammonia-nitrogen and pH). The higher the organic matter level, the higher the
pH and the concentrations of ammonia and phosphorous. On the other hand,
salinity did not apparently affect the fluctuations in ammonia, phosphorous and
pH due to water replenishment to maintain treatment levels of salinity. Earlier
rapid growth of blue-green algae commencing on the 3rd to the 15th day was
observed at higher organic matter level. While at lower organic matter level,
this occurred only on the 18th to the 28th day. Blue-green algae population
(units/ml) was observed highest in treatment IV (S1 OM2; 1,262,113) followed by
treatments III(S3 OM1; 761,338);II (S2OM1; 514,788); I (S1 OM1; 494,375); V (S2
OM2; 413,750); and the lowest was obtained from treatment VI (S3 OM2; 394,275).
The relative percentage proportion of blue-green algae in lab-lab complex
showed that it composed 17.7- in treatment IV, 16.86- in treatment III, 16.64-
in treatment I-I, 15.82- in treatment I, 15.2- in treatment V and 14.9- in
treatment VI. These, however, did not significantly vary among the treatments.
A low correlation coefficient (r) between population count and the selected
parameters: reactive phosphorous, water pH, soil pH and available phosphorous
was obtained while a negative correlation was obtained between the population
and ammonia-nitrogen. Significantly higher biomass (ash-free dry weight) of
lab-lab was obtained in higher organic matter (OM2) and at 45 ppt salinity
(S3). The highest biomass (ash-free dry weight) was obtained in treatment VI
(S3OM2; 0.160 g/cm2) while the lowest was obtained in treatment I (S1OM1; 0.012
g/cm2). The algal count was obtained in treatment V (S2OM2; 6,773,542 units/ml)
and the lowest count was obtained in treatment II (S2OM1; 2,328,792 units/ml).
However, the primary productivity based on O2 production showed a significantly
higher production in the lower organic matter and at higher salinity level (30
ppt). The highest O2 concentration was obtained in treatment III (S3OM1; 5.759
ppm) and the lowest was obtained in treatment V (S2OM2; 4.19 ppm).-
4. Jumalon, Nephronia A. Selection and application of a suitable
sampling method for quantitative and qualitative evaluation of Lab-lab. October
1979. 122 leaves. Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries-U. P. in the Visayas. Miag-ao,
Iloilo. Location: CFOSL-Serials (LG995 1979 F5 J86). Variations in the quantity
and quality of lab-lab between and within areas of a 1,000 sq.m. pond were
determined over a six month period and the applicability and suitability of
stratified random sampling as a method of sampling lab-lab was evaluated. A
sampler that enables quantitative collection of both floating and attached
lab-lab was devised. Ash-free dry weight, count of organisms, plant pigment concentration
and caloric content were used as a measure of lab-lab quantity while ash,
protein, lipid and cellulose content were used as a measure of lab-lab quality.
Soil differences between strata did not always affect the quality or quantity
of lab-lab so that pond stratification is not necessary when sampling lab-lab
except perhaps, when soil differences are extremely great. Accumulation of
floating lab-lab on one side of the pond as an effect of the wind may cause
complications in sampling. Removal of these accumulated lab-lab is found
advantageous. Except for lipid content, marked differences in quantity and
quality is observed between floating and attached lab-lab. Floating lab-lab
shows a much lower degree of degradation and has a significantly higher number
of organisms, chlorophyll a concentration,caloric content, protein and
cellulose content than atached lab-lab, which are associated with its lower ash
content. Of the four methods used to quantify lab-lab, ash-free dry weight
analysis is found to be the most suitable in terms of efficiency, consistency
of results and applicability -while ash analysis and protein analysis appear to
be the most suitable methods for qualitative evaluation of lab-lab.- Bacteria
5. Leaño, Eduardo Malibiran. Siderophore and extracellular
products (ECP) detection among aeromonas hydrophila and other associated
bacteria in The Epizootic Ulcerative Syndrome (EUS). August 1993. 73 leaves.
Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries -U. P. in the Visayas-Miag-ao, Iloilo. Location:
CFOSL-Serials (LG993.5 1993 F5 L4). Twenty (20) Epizootic Ulcerative Syndrome
(EUS)- associated bacteria consisting of 16 isolates of aeromonas hydrophila
and one isolate each of A. pastoria sp.n., Aquaspirillum sp. Pseudomonas sp.,
and Sterptococcus sp. were screened for virulence, production of siderophore at
20, 25, 30 and 37 oC, and production of extracellular products (ECP). Results
showed that all A. hydrophila isolates and a. pastoria sp.n. were virulent to
test catfish (Clarias batrachus). Pseudomonas sp., Sterptococcus sp. and
Aquaspirillum sp. were avirulent. Fifty percent of A. hydrophila isolates were
positive for siderophore production at 25oC. Aeromonas pastoria
sp.n.Aquaspirillum sp, and Pseudomonas sp. also showed positive response
whereas Streptococcus sp. showed negative respnse. An increase in the amount of
siderophore produced and the percentage of siderophore-producing A. hydrophila
was observed at 20 oC. The same trend was observed for A. pastoria sp. n. In
contrast, Aquaspirillum sp., Pseudomonas sp., and Streptococcus sp., showed an
increase in siderophore production at temperatures 30 and 37oC. On ECP
production, only 43.75 - of the A. hydrophila test isolates produced ECP that
induced dermonecrotic lesions on test catfish. Aeromonas pastoria sp. n. also
produced ECP whereas Aquaspirillum sp., Pseudomonas sp. and Streptococcus sp.
were negative for ECP production. No correlation on siderophore and ECP
production with virulence of the test bacterial isolates were observed.- Carps
6. Legiralde, Maria Theresa Trono-The effects of dietary carbohydrate, lipid
and energy on the growth, feed efficiency and tissue composition of bighead
carp (Aristichthys Nobilis) fry. March 1990. 37 leaves. Thesis-M.S. in
Fisheries -U. P. in the Visayas. Miag-ao, Iloilo. Location: CFOSL-Serials
(LG995 1990 F5 T76) The utilization of dietary carbohydrate and lipid as energy
sources for bighead carp (Aristichthys nobilis) fry and various protein :
energy ratios were investigated in a 2 x 3 x 3 factorial feeding experiment.
Semi-purified diets containing two-protein levels (28.9 and 37 -) and three
levels of lipid (4.26, 5.93 and 6.95 -) and carbohydrate (42, 48, and 53 -) to
give different total energy levels were fed to bighead carp fry (0.0485
+-0.0035 g) for 8 weeks. Growth of fry fed higher dietary protein level (37 -)
was significantly high (P<0 -="" .01="" 107="" 1996.="" 1996="" 3130="" 3470="" 37="" 4.26="" 42="" 4="" 6.4980="" 69="" 7.="" 92="" after="" all="" and="" antonieta="" approximately="" april="" artemia="" artificial="" as="" ash="" better="" bighead="" both="" carbohydrate.="" carbohydrate="" carp="" catfish="" cfosl-serials="" clarias="" cm="" compare="" components="" conducted="" containing="" conversion="" d84="" d="" decreased="" died="" diet="" dietary="" diets="" differences="" duller-comparison="" effects="" efficiency="" efficient="" energy="" evaluate="" evangelista="" f5="" fed="" feed="" feeding.="" feeding="" first="" fish="" fisheries-u.="" food="" for="" fry.-="" fry="" g="" growth.="" growth="" high="" highest="" however="" ietary="" iloilo.="" in="" inclusion="" increase="" increased="" inthe="" inversely="" kcal.="" kcal="" kg="" larvae.="" larvae="" larval="" leaves.="" level="" levels="" lipid.="" lipid="" live="" location:="" low="" macrocephalus="" macrocopa="" maximum="" med="" metabolizable="" mg="" miag-ao="" moina="" moisture="" needs.="" no="" of="" on="" organisms="" other="" p.="" p:e="" perfor="" produced="" protein="" rates="" ratio.="" ratio="" rearing="" related="" second="" selected="" significant="" significantly="" sp.="" sp="" spare="" survival="" t.="" tested="" the="" there="" thesis-m.s.="" tissue="" to="" treatments.="" trial="" trials="" tubifex="" two="" unther="" utilization="" visayas.="" was="" weeks="" were="" with="">0.01) in weight gain of the larvae fed Tubifex sp. (3.8628
g), Artemia sp. (3.7193 g), M. macrocopa (3.7156 g) and Chironomus sp.
(3.6572g). Weight gain attained by fish fed artificial diet was 2.8565g and
that fed with Brachionus calyciflorus attained 2.9202 g after 4 weeks. Length
increment was significantly high (P<0 -="" .01="" 2.1673cm="" 2="" 74.06="" 79.37="" 82.03="" all="" and="" artemia="" artificial="" b.="" both="" by="" calyciflorus="" chironomus="" closely="" cm="" combined="" compared="" diet="" differences="" fed="" feeding="" fish="" followed="" g="" gain="" growth="" had="" highest="" however="" in="" increment="" larvae.="" larvae="" length="" low.="" low="" m.="" macrocopa="" no="" obtained="" of="" other="" rates="" respectively="" results="" showed="" significant="" significantly="" sp.="" survival.="" survival="" that="" the="" treatments="" trials="" tubifex-fed="" tubifex="" was="" weight="" with="">0.01) was observed in larvae fed Moina (3.5225 g, 2.2011 cm
and 82.62-; respectively) and Artemia (3.5882 g, 1.8974cm and 74.53-
respectively).-
8. Nacisvalencia, Rosemary Gonzales-Nursery rearing of Asian
catfish (Clarias macrocephalus) in tanks with organic fertilizer and feed
inputs. October 1998. 88 leaves. Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries. U. P. in the
Visayas. Miag-ao, Iloilo. Location: CFOSL-Serials (LG995 1998 F5 N3)
Fifteen-day old Clarias macrocephalus fry with an initial body weight of 32.9
+- 21.73 mg and total length of 1.41 +-0.31 cm were reared in mud overlaid
bottom concrete tanks either with organic fertilizer (3 mt/ha and 4.5 mt/ha)
and inorganic fertilizer (16-20-0 ) at a rate of 50 kg/ha or combined organic
fertilizer (3mt/ha),inorganic fertilizer (16-20-0) and supplemental feed for 60
days. Subsequent fertilization with organic fertilizer was applied at 500 kg/ha
for Treatment I and 3 (applied with 3mt/ha chicken manure) and 750 kg/ha for
Treatment II (applied with 4.5 mt/ha chicken manure) every 15 days. Production
indices such as mean final body weight (15.67 +-6.69 g), specific growth arte
(10.23 - +-0.615 per day) and condition factor (0.991 +-0.26) were
significantly higher (P<0 -100="" -="" -u.="" .05="" 0.5="" 0.9="" 0="" 1.5="" 1.6="" 10.="" 100="" 100ug="" 10="" 11.="" 12.="" 12="" 13="" 16-20-0="" 1758="" 1980.="" 1980="" 1992.="" 1993.="" 1993="" 1999.="" 1999="" 1="" 2.4="" 2.55="" 2.5="" 200="" 20="" 24="" 25-50="" 25="" 26="" 286-572="" 2="" 3.2="" 3.8="" 3="" 4-8="" 46="" 48="" 5-3="" 5.0="" 5.2="" 5.4="" 5.84="" 50.0="" 50="" 5="" 6.0="" 62="" 65="" 6="" 7="" 80.90="" 80="" 9.="" a="" about="" absence="" absent="" abundance="" acartia="" according="" acombination="" adult="" adults="" affected="" aforementioned="" after="" aliquot="" aliquots="" all="" alone="" also="" although="" ammonia="" among="" amounts="" an="" analogue="" analysis="" analyzed="" and="" anodontia="" application="" applied="" approximately="" april="" are="" area="" artificial="" artio="" as="" ash="" asian="" asignificantly="" at="" attained="" bacteria.="" bacteria="" bacterial="" bacteriocytes.="" basal="" basins="" be="" becomes="" being="" best="" between="" bigger="" bivalve="" both="" brackishwater="" bran="" brgy.="" but="" bw="" by="" c.="" c="" calanoid="" can="" capable="" carbon.="" carbon="" carcasses="" cartia="" catfish="" cayetano-rearing="" cells="" cfosl-serials-this="" cfosl-serials="" chemoatotrophy="" chicken="" chlorella="" chlorophyll="" clam-bacteria="" clam="" clams="" clarias="" collected="" colonies="" colony.="" colorless="" combination="" combinations="" compared="" concentration="" concentrations="" condition-april="" condition="" conducted="" confined="" considered="" consistently="" containers="" containing="" content="" contrast="" copepod="" copepodites="" copepods="" count="" cream="" crude="" culture="" cultured="" d87="" daily="" data="" day-1="" days.="" days="" decreased="" decreasing="" demonstrated="" densities="" density="" dependent="" determined.="" detritus="" developmental="" did="" differ="" different="" digestive="" diluted="" dissection="" distribution="" do="" dom="" domperidone.="" domperidone="" dry="" duray="" during="" edentula="" effect="" effective="" effectivity="" egg.="" egg="" eggs="" either="" electron="" elemental="" elongata.-="" elongata.="" elongata="" especially="" establish="" estancia="" evaluated="" examined="" experiment="" experiments="" extracted="" f5="" fat="" fed="" feed="" feeding="" females.="" fermented="" fertilization="" fertilized="" fertilizer="" fertilizing="" final="" finding="" fingerlings="" fish="" fisheries-u.="" fisheries="" fixed="" followed="" following="" food.="" food="" foot="" for="" forty="" found="" four="" frequency="" from="" furthermore="" fw="" g="" gallon="" garm-negative="" gill="" gills.="" gills="" given="" gonadrotropin-releasing="" grown="" grows="" gut="" h="" had="" hand="" harpaticoid="" hatched="" hatching="" have="" hazel="" high="" higher="" highest="" highly="" histological="" hormone="" i="" ice="" if="" iloilo.="" iloilo="" important="" in="" increasing="" indicated="" indicating="" individuals="" initial="" injected="" injection="" inne="" inseminated.="" inseminated="" insemination="" intramuscular="" inverse="" investigated="" is="" isolates.="" isotope="" istu="" it="" jocson="" junemie="" juvenile="" l4="" laboratory="" larvae="" larval="" later="" latter.="" leaves.="" lebata="" leonida-bacteria="" less="" limited="" linked="" liters="" location:="" lower="" lucinids="" m.="" ma.="" macrocephalus="" maintained="" male="" males="" mangrove="" mangroves="" mantle="" manure="" mass="" maximized="" may="" mean="" means="" measured="" method="" miag-ao="" microbiota="" microscopic="" microscopy="" million="" milt-to-egg="" milt.-="" milt.="" milt="" ml-1.="" ml-1="" mm="" moisture="" more="" moreover="" morphology="" most="" mud="" nacl="" negative="" newly="" no="" nor="" not="" number="" observation.="" observations="" observed="" obtain="" october="" od="" of="" on="" one="" ones="" only.="" only="" optimum="" or="" organic="" organs="" other="" ovaprim="" ovulated="" p.-milt-to-egg="" p.="" p="" paralleled="" peak="" peaked="" photosynthetically.-="" plankton="" plastic="" plates="" played="" pond="" ponds="" pooled="" population="" possibility="" post-injection="" practical="" presence="" produce="" production="" protein="" quantities="" quantity="" raised="" rates="" ratio="" ratios="" reached="" readings="" reared="" rearing="" relationship="" reproduction="" reshwater="" results="" revealed="" rice-bran="" rice="" rod="" role="" roque="" salmon="" same="" samples="" san="" scanning="" seawater="" sections="" sediment="" sem="" sfter="" sgnrha="" shaped.="" showed="" shown="" shows="" sigma13c="" significant="" significantly="" simple="" single="" situ="" size.="" size="" sizes="" sl="" smaller="" solely="" soluble="" source.="" source="" sp.="" species.="" species="" sperm="" spermatozoa="" spherical="" spp.="" stable="" stage="" steady="" stimulating="" stocked="" stocking.="" stored="" strongly="" study="" substrate="" suggesting="" sulfur="" sulphide.="" suppleemntal="" supplemental="" supporting="" supports="" survival="" symbionts.="" symbionts="" symbiosis="" system="" t3="" tambasen="" tanks="" techniques.="" techniques="" teresita="" than="" that="" the="" their="" therefore="" these="" thesis-m.s.="" this="" those="" three="" through="" thus="" tisbintra="" tissue="" tissues.="" tissues="" to="" took="" total="" treated="" treatment="" treatments.-="" treatments.="" treatments:="" twelve="" type="" ug="" ul.="" ul="" umoles="" under="" unlike="" unther="" untreated="" use="" used="" using="" utilized="" variable="" various="" vary="" very="" victoria="" victoriano="" visayas-miag-ao="" visayas.="" volume="" volumes="" was="" water.="" water="" weeks="" weight="" well-defined="" were="" wet="" when="" where="" which="" while="" white="" with="" x="" xperiment="" yeast="" zooplankton="">0.05) indicating that this copepod is not selective on the
quality of food, it can subsist on any microscopic food within its digestive
capacity. However at 2.0 cm deep of water Acartia spp. was most abundant in the
chicken manure treatment while in the 8.5 cm depth of water the density of
Acartia spp. was highest in that fed with Chlorella but comparing both
densities, chicken manure-fed copepods was dnsr. Population densities were related
to food abundance. // Nauplii, coppodit and adult mal reached highest densities
in the chicken manure treatment of 23,
10, and 17 ind/ 1 respectively. Egg-bearing and non-egg bearing adult females
were most abundant in the chicken manure + 16 - 20 - 0 treatment of 5, and 18
ind/1 respectively. Temperature and food abundance played a critical role (P<0 -.="" -="" -commercially="" -u.="" -was="" .01="" 0.3367g="" 0.71="" 0.75oc="" 0.79oc="" 1.16="" 1.29="" 1.30="" 1.57="" 1.5="" 1.7="" 100="" 10="" 111="" 11="" 120="" 12="" 13.37="" 13.="" 14.="" 14="" 15.="" 15="" 16.="" 1852="" 1992.="" 1992="" 1995="" 1997.="" 1997="" 1998.="" 1998="" 19="" 1="" 1v="" 2.23="" 2.29="" 2.59="" 2.75="" 2.80="" 2001.="" 2001="" 20="" 219="" 22="" 23.10="" 253="" 25="" 27.01="" 27.29="" 27.42.77="" 28.77="" 28.81="" 29.0="" 29.42="" 29.86="" 295="" 295g="" 2="" 3.58="" 30="" 33-34="" 336="" 35="" 39="" 3="" 40="" 46="" 497="" 4="" 5420="" 55="" 575="" 595g="" 5="" 60="" 6="" 70="" 8.52="" 8.5="" 8.60="" 80="" 8="" 91="" :="" a="" abdominal="" about="" acanthurids="" acartia="" after="" all="" also="" although="" among="" ana="" analysis="" analyzed="" and="" annd="" april="" are="" artemia="" as="" aspects="" at="" attached="" attained="" available="" average="" b.-effect="" battery="" beat="" beats="" belonids="" berried="" best="" biological="" body="" both="" bought="" brachionus="" broodstock="" but="" by="" c47="" caerulaurea="" caesio="" caesionids="" cages="" canal="" carapace="" catch="" cell="" central="" cephalopods="" cerezo="" cfosl-serials="" changed="" characteristics="" clupeids="" cobbles="" commercial="" commercially="" comparable="" compared="" comparison="" computations="" concrete="" conducted="" considered="" contributed="" control="" conversion="" copepod.-="" coral="" cost="" cpue="" crab="" crablets="" crabs="" ctopus="" cultured="" cylla="" daily.="" day.="" day="" days.="" days="" density="" describe="" detail="" determine="" detrmine="" development.="" development="" developments="" diameter="" did="" difference.treatment="" differences="" different="" differnt="" dissolved="" documented="" dominated="" drain="" drift="" drive-in="" during="" each="" economic="" effect="" effects="" egg="" eggs="" embryonic="" equivalent="" estimated="" eveness="" every="" evidenced="" exocoetids="" exploitation="" explotion="" extraction="" eye="" f5="" fat="" fattening="" favorable="" fed="" feed="" feeding="" female="" females="" final="" first="" fish="" fisher-1hr-1="" fisheries-u.="" fisheries.="" fisheries="" fishery.="" fishes.-="" fishes="" fishing.="" fishing="" flap="" fluctuation="" followed="" follows="" food="" for="" formation="" forskal="" four="" fringing="" from="" g="" gain="" gear="" gears="" gill="" give="" given="" gonad="" gonadosomatic="" greater="" growth="" guiobpatch="" had="" hatched="" hatchery="" hatching.="" have="" heart="" heartbeat="" heavier="" high="" higher="" highest="" honculada.="" hook="" hookah="" hours="" however="" hrs="" i="" ii="" iii.="" iii="" iled="" iloilo.="" immediately="" important="" in="" include="" income="" increase="" increased="" increment="" incubation="" ind="" index="" indicated="" indicators="" individuals="" influence="" installed="" intensive="" ipa="" is="" island="" it="" iv="" january="" june="" just="" juveniles.="" juveniles="" k85="" kg="" km-2yr-1.="" kuntiyo.="" laboratory="" landings="" larvae="" larval="" leaves.="" levels="" limits="" line="" local="" location:="" lowest.="" m3="" make="" malalison="" male="" market.="" materials="" matured="" may="" mean="" measuring="" megalopa="" megalopae="" mg="" miag-ao="" min:="" min="" mins.="" mins="" ml="" monitored="" morning.="" mortalities="" mortality="" mud="" nablag="" naturally="" nauplii="" necessarily="" net.="" net="" newly="" not="" nursed="" nursery="" nursing="" nylon="" o="" observed="" oc="" occurred="" oceanica="" october="" ody="" of="" old="" on="" one="" only="" ontrol="" or="" other="" oxygen="" p.="" p7="" p8="" parameters="" patch="" payback="" peaked="" pellet.="" pellet="" percentage="" period.="" period="" ph="" philippines.="" physical="" pleopod="" plicatilis="" pond-reared="" ponds="" population="" positive="" ppt.="" ppt="" prawn="" previous="" primavera="" prior="" produced="" production="" profitable="" protection="" pterocaesio="" pulses.="" pura="" raised="" ranged="" ranges="" rate="" rates.="" rates="" ratio="" recommended="" recruitment="" reef="" reefs="" relation="" report="" reproductive="" reralized="" respectively="" results="" return="" revealed="" ribbon="" ribbonscreen="" rolando="" salina="" salinity="" screen="" scylla="" seawater="" september="" serrata="" set="" shelter="" shingle="" shingles="" show="" showed="" significant="" significantly="" six="" sizes="" sp-this="" spawne="" spawned="" spawnend="" spawning.="" speargun="" species="" specific="" spp.="" statistical="" studied.="" studied="" studies="" study.="" study="" survival="" tank="" tanks.="" tempearture="" terms="" tessellata="" than="" that="" the="" them.="" there="" thesis-m.s.="" this="" three-fourths="" to="" tolerance="" tons="" total="" trash="" treatment.="" treatment="" treatments.="" treatments:="" treatments="" two="" types="" um.="" um="" up="" used.="" used="" variance="" varikul="" villaroya-embryonic="" visayas.="" was="" water="" weight="" well="" were="" west="" when="" which="" while="" width="" with="" within="" without="" x="" yasmin="" year="" years="" yield="" ylon="" z1="" zandro="" zoea-one="" zoeae="">0.01) different to 13.33- at 30 and 35 ppt. The larvae were
able to tolerate salinity of 20 and 40 ppt with 5.0 and 1.67 - survival,
respectively; ad significantly (P>0.01) different to 0- survival obtained at
15 ppt. Larval survival at 25 ppt was 10 -. This shows that the larvae can
tolerate salinity of 25-35 ppt and can metamorphose to megalopa with a 10-31.67
- survival rate for 20 days. Highest mean mortality of the treatments was
observed from zoea-one (Z1) to zoea-two(Z2). larval mortalities decreased
toward the later stages of development. Besides osmotic and ionic stress,
cannibalism and inefficiency to catch food at the earlier stage could be the
cause of mortality. Further study is needed to exactly pinpoint the cause of
mortality.-
17. Santos, Francisco F.-Effect of common table salt in improving
the growth and survival of mud crab scylla oceanica DANA, 1852 from First ZOEA
to megalopa stage. January 2000. 69 leaves. Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries-U. P. in
the Visayas. Miag-ao, Iloilo. Location: CFOSL-Serials (LG995 2000 F5 S35 ) The
study was conducted to determine the effect of adding common table salt(CTS) or
solar dried seawater to the culture medium on the survival and growth of Scylla
oceanica from first zoea (Z1) to megalopa (M) stage. The newly hatchedlarvae
were cultured at six different treatments by adjusting the salinity of culture
media to 35 ppt with the addition of varying amount of salt: Treat ment 1
(10ppt+29g/l CTS), Treatment II (15ppt+23g/l CTS), Treatment III (20ppt+17g/l
CTS), Treatment IV (25ppt+11g/l CTS), Treatment V (30ppt+5g/l CTS), and
Treatment VI (35ppt natural seawater, as control). Physiologically important
ions like Na+, Cl-, Ca2+. K+, and Mg2+ were analyzed in each treatment.
Treatment VI (control) gave the highest survival rate (26-), but it was
notsignificantly different (P>0.05) from Treatment V (20-). Treatment V was
significantly higher (P<0 -="" -a="" -determined="" -frequency="" -oxygen="" -p="" -significant="" -studies="" -thesis-m.s.="" -this="" -u.="" .05="" 0.01="" 0.04294="" 0.05="" 0.07="" 0.1-="" 0.100="" 0.10="" 0.110="" 0.11="" 0.14="" 0.18="" 0.1="" 0.20="" 0.30="" 0.40="" 0.50="" 0.80="" 0.87056="" 07="" 0:0="" 0:1="" 1-3="" 1-="" 1.02="" 1.0="" 1.11="" 1.2="" 1.37="" 1.45="" 1.47="" 1.5="" 1.60="" 1.8="" 1.="" 10.0-25.0="" 1000="" 100="" 10:1="" 10="" 115="" 11="" 12-48="" 123="" 129="" 12="" 13.0-27.0="" 134.6="" 144="" 1482="" 148="" 157="" 158="" 15="" 15th="" 16-20-0="" 165="" 179.1and="" 18.="" 183="" 187.0="" 18="" 19.="" 193.4="" 1965="" 197.36="" 1972.="" 1979="" 1980.="" 1981.="" 1981="" 1982.="" 1982="" 1983.="" 1983="" 1984.="" 1984="" 1985.="" 1985="" 1986-114="" 1986.="" 1986="" 1988.="" 1988="" 1989.="" 1989="" 1991.="" 1991="" 1992.="" 1992="" 1993="" 1994="" 1995-58-thesis-m.s.="" 1995.="" 1995="" 1997.="" 1997="" 1998.="" 1:0="" 1:1.6="" 1:10.="" 1:10="" 1:1="" 1:2.2="" 1:2="" 1:4="" 1:5.07="" 1="" 1m="" 2.0="" 2.230.="" 2.30="" 2.3="" 2.5="" 2.6852="" 2.9299="" 2.970="" 20.="" 2000="" 2001.="" 2001="" 205.10="" 20ppt="" 21.476="" 21.="" 21="" 22.="" 221.78="" 22="" 23.13-="" 23.="" 232.4="" 24.="" 248="" 25.44-="" 25.="" 259="" 25="" 26.="" 27.="" 27="" 28.6="" 28.="" 285="" 29.="" 298.9="" 29="" 2:1="" 2="" 3.0="" 3.77="" 30.="" 3000="" 300m2="" 304.2="" 30="" 31.="" 32.6="" 32.="" 33.="" 336="" 34.2="" 34.="" 34="" 35.="" 36.="" 37.="" 37oc.="" 37oc="" 38.2="" 38.="" 38="" 39.="" 39="" 3="" 4.0="" 4.17.="" 4.74="" 4.86="" 4.95="" 40-50="" 4000="" 40="" 41.497="" 421.97="" 42oc="" 431.95="" 474.8="" 47="" 49="" 4:1="" 4="" 5-="" 5.0-="" 5.0="" 5.5-6.5="" 500="" 50="" 51-b="" 51="" 53="" 544.4="" 5="" 5th="" 6.0="" 61="" 62="" 63="" 65="" 66="" 67.="" 69="" 6="" 7.0="" 7.5-26.0="" 700="" 73="" 75="" 783="" 78="" 7="" 80="" 82.611="" 87="" 89.58="" 8="" 9.="" 90-="" 90-day="" 91="" 97="" 98="" 9="" :="" a.-effect="" a.="" a3="" a53="" a5="" a="" about="" abrupt="" abundance="" abundant="" acceptability="" according="" acetate="" acetes="" acetic="" acid="" acidic="" acidity="" acids="" active="" acu="" added="" addition="" additional="" addtional="" adequate="" aerobic="" aerobis="" affect="" affected="" after="" against="" aimed="" al-phosphate="" al="" alcoholic="" alga.="" algae="" alie="" alkalinity="" all="" almost="" alone.="" alone="" along="" alower="" also="" although="" aluminum-phosphate="" aluminum="" amino-nitrogen="" ammonium="" amnure="" among="" amount="" amounts="" an="" ana="" anaerobically="" analyses="" analysis="" analyzed="" analyzing="" anchovy="" and="" andalecio="" andomized="" anlysis="" annual="" any="" apain="" appeared="" application.="" application="" applications="" applied-p="" applied="" applying="" appreciable="" april="" aquaculture="" arate="" arbitrary="" are="" area.="" area="" areas="" ariel.="" aroma="" arsius="" as="" ash-free="" ash="" asian="" aspects="" aspergillus="" assemblage="" assess="" assessd="" assessed="" assessment="" associated="" association="" asterionella="" at="" ater="" attained="" august="" availability="" available="" average="" aws="" b.-effect="" b32="" b35="" b="" babalola="" babuyan="" bacilli="" bacteria.="" bacterial="" bacteriastrum="" bacterin="" banga="" bantala="" base="" based="" batan="" bay-december="" bay-june="" bay.-="" bay.="" bay="" bays.="" be="" because="" become="" beef="" being="" believed="" belonged="" belonging="" ben="" benefit="" benthic="" ber.="" better="" between-gross="" between="" bilineatus="" biological="" biology="" biomass="" black="" blend="" block="" blocked="" blue-green="" body="" borg.="" both="" bottle.="" bottle="" bottom-set="" bottom="" boundaries="" brackishwater="" broadcast="" bromeli="" bromelin.-="" bromelin.="" bromelin="" buckets="" buguey="" built="" bulk="" burias="" burnt="" but="" by="" c.="" c84="" c="" ca-phosphate="" ca2-="" ca2="" ca="" cagayan="" calanasco="" calcium-phosphate="" calcium="" calculated="" can="" canalicalatus="" canaliculatus="" candida="" capacity="" capiz="" carangidae="" carbohydrate="" cases="" casing.="" casing="" catch="" catches="" catching="" categorization="" caught="" center="" central="" cephalopoda="" ceratium="" cfosl-serials-the="" cfosl-serials="" cfu="" chaetoceros="" challenge="" chamber.="" change="" changes="" channel="" characteristic="" characterize="" characterized="" chemical="" chicken="" chilled="" chilling="" chloride="" chorrizo-like="" chromatography="" circumvent="" citratus="" city.="" city="" cladosporium="" classes="" closely="" closeness="" cluster="" cm="" co-dominated="" coastal="" cocentations="" codend="" coefficient="" coefficients="" collected="" collection="" college="" color="" combination="" combining="" commercial="" commercially="" commersonii.="" commersonii="" common="" commonly="" comparable="" comparatively="" compare="" compared="" comparing="" comparison="" compensate="" complete="" completely="" component.="" components="" composition="" comprising="" concentrated="" concentration="" concentrations="" conditions="" conducted="" conductivities="" conductivity="" conncentrations="" consequences="" considerable="" consist="" consisted="" constructed="" consumer="" contained="" content.="" content="" contents.="" contents="" contributed="" contrl.="" control.="" control="" conventional="" cooked="" copopods="" coria="" cornelio-a="" corral.="" corral="" corrals="" correlated="" correlation="" correspondingly="" cost="" cotber="" could="" counting="" counts.="" counts="" coupled="" cow="" crab="" crabs="" create="" crispino="" croaker="" crude="" crustaceans="" cruz="" cts="" culasing="" culture="" cultured="" curve="" curves="" cynoglossus="" cynoglssus="" d.="" d.o.="" d45="" d="" daily="" dammang="" dark="" data="" dates.-traditional="" dates="" day="" days="" de="" decades="" december="" decomposed="" decrease="" decreased="" dela="" demersal="" density="" depth="" deregulate="" derived="" describe="" described="" description="" design.="" design="" desirable="" detailed="" detected="" determination="" determine="" determined.="" determined="" developed="" diatoms="" did="" diel="" diet="" diets="" diferences="" difference="" differences="" different.="" different="" differnce="" diffusion="" dike="" diluted="" dilution="" dinoflagellates="" direction="" directly="" discussed.-="" discussed.="" discussion="" dissolved="" distributed="" distribution="" distributions="" ditylium="" diversity="" djeddensis="" does="" dominant="" dominated="" done="" dosage="" dried="" dropped="" dry="" drying="" due="" dulce="" dupliciocellatus.="" duration="" during="" dynamics="" e.-comparison="" e.g.="" e86="" e="" each="" earlier="" earthen="" eastern="" ecember="" edible="" effect="" effective="" effectiveness="" effects="" efficiency="" efficient="" effoert="" effort.="" effort="" eight-month="" eight="" eigth="" elefan="" elements="" elevated="" eleven="" emphasis="" en="" enclosures="" enforce="" ensis:="" ensis="" entering="" environment="" environmental="" enzyme="" enzymes.="" enzymes="" equulus="" espejo="" established="" establishment="" estancia="" estimate="" estimated.="" estimated="" estimates="" estimating="" estimation="" estuary.="" estuary="" etapenaeus="" ethanolic="" etween="" eucampia="" evaluate="" evaluated="" evaluation="" evenness="" every="" examined="" except="" exchangeable="" exhibit="" exhibited="" exists="" experiment="" experimental="" experiments="" explaining="" explanation="" exploitation="" exploited="" explroed="" expressed="" extracted="" f5="" f="" factors="" faily="" families.="" families="" family="" faster="" fatty="" favored="" favourable="" fe-phosphate="" fe="" february="" female="" ferment="" fermentation.="" fermentation="" fermented="" fermenting="" ferments="" ferrtilzer="" fertilex="" fertilization="" fertilizer="" fertilizers="" fertlizer="" fiah="" fifth="" filamentosus.="" filamentosus="" fillets="" filomena="" final="" fingerlings="" finished="" first="" fish="" fisheries-u.="" fisheries="" fishery.="" fishery="" fishes="" fishing="" fishpond="" fishponds.="" fishponds="" five="" fixation="" fixed="" flatfishes="" flavolineatus="" flavor="" flora="" flushing.="" flushing="" followed="" following="" follows:="" food="" foodfish="" for="" forms="" found="" four="" fractions="" free="" frequency="" frequent="" frequently="" from="" fronting="" frrom="" fulviflamma.="" fulviflamma="" fungi="" further="" g.="" g8="" g="" gae="" gain="" gains="" gas="" gave="" gears="" genera="" general="" generally="" gerres="" gi="" gill="" give="" given.="" given="" glutinous="" gonadal="" good.-="" good="" governed="" grams.="" grass="" greater="" green="" grew="" gross="" ground="" grounds="" group0="" groups.="" groups="" growing="" growth.-="" growth="" grwing="" guiuan="" gulf.="" gulf="" guttatus="" h.="" h47="" ha="" habitat="" habitats="" habits.="" habits="" had="" hamjaraja="" hardness="" harvest="" harveyi.="" harveyi="" has="" hastening="" hatchery="" have="" having="" he="" heaviest="" heavy="" hechanova="" hectare="" hermes="" hermosa="" high="" higher="" highest="" highly="" historical="" hour="" hours="" howeer="" however.="" however="" hulls="" hybrid="" hydrolysis="" i.="" i.e.="" i="" identical="" identified.="" identified="" identify="" ie.="" if="" ii.="" ii="" iii.="" iii="" iloilo-may="" iloilo.="" iloilo="" immersion="" importance="" important="" importantions="" improved="" improving="" in="" included="" increase="" increased="" increasing="" incubated="" incubation="" index="" indicate="" indicated="" indicates="" indicus:="" indicus="" indigenous="" individuals="" inefficient="" infection.="" infection="" inferior="" influenced="" informations="" inner="" inorganic-p="" inorganic="" instead="" interaction="" interval="" intestine="" intreatments="" invertebrates.="" invertebrates="" inverted="" investigate="" investigated.="" investigated="" ions="" iron-phosphate="" iron="" irregular="" is="" iso-butyric="" iso-valeric="" isolated="" isometric="" isovaleric="" isrecorded="" it.="" it="" items="" its="" iv.="" iv="" ix="" iza="" j.-chemical="" january="" jarbua="" jasmin="" javanicus="" jennie="" juice.="" juice="" julius.="" july="" june="" k-="" k="" katamaran="" kg="" km2="" known="" kruskal-wallis="" l.="" l33="" l38="" l="" la="" lab-lab="" laboratory="" labs.="" labs="" lack="" lactic="" lactobacilli="" lad-lab="" ladja="" lagatik-pinamucan="" langkuas="" largely="" larger="" larvae.-="" larvae.="" larvae="" larval="" last="" latex="" latfishes="" laureta="" layers="" lea="" leached="" leaching.="" leaching="" leading="" least="" leaves.="" leaves="" leganes="" leiognathidae="" leiognathus="" lemon="" length-frequency="" length-weight="" length="" lengths="" less="" lesser-weight="" level.-="" level.="" level="" levels="" leyte="" lg995="" liberato="" light="" lime="" limed="" liming.="" liming="" linearly="" linking="" liter="" live="" living="" liza="" load="" location:="" log6="" log="" loilo.="" los="" low="" lower="" lowest="" lowsaline="" luminescent="" lumut="" lutjanidae="" lutjanusfulviflama="" m.-application="" m.="" m2="" m36="" m="" ma.="" magnesium="" magnitude="" maguidanao="" main="" maintained="" major="" majority="" malaubang="" malayanus="" male="" mamhot="" manganese="" manufacture.="" manufacture:="" manufacture="" manure.="" manure:="" manure="" manureand="" manured="" manures="" maquilao="" march="" marfon="" margarita="" mario="" market="" matapenaeus="" mater="" materials.="" materials="" matter="" maturity="" may.="" may="" mean="" means="" measured="" measurement="" measures="" measuring="" mechanism="" media="" medium="" megalopa="" megalopae="" melannie.="" merguiensis="" merlina="" mesh="" metamorphosed="" metamorphosis="" metapenaeus="" meteorologic="" meter="" method="" methods.="" methods="" mfc="" mg2-="" mg2="" mg="" miag-ao="" microaerophilic="" microbial="" microbiological="" microorganism="" microorganisms="" microscope="" miguel="" milkfish.="" milkfish="" mindanao.="" mixture="" mixtures.="" mixtures="" model="" modified.="" modified="" moisture="" mold="" molds="" mono="" monsoon="" month="" monthly="" months="" more="" morphometric="" mortalities="" mortality.-="" mortality.="" mortality="" mossambica="" mossambicus="" most="" much="" mucor="" mulleri="" mullidae.="" mullidae="" mulloides="" murrel="" n.="" n38="" n:p="" n="" named="" namely="" nansen="" nathaniel.="" native="" natural="" navaluna="" necessary="" needed="" negative="" negatively="" net.="" net="" netting="" neurospora="" neuston="" neutral="" neutralizing="" nevertheless="" newly="" nh3-nitrgen="" niloticus="" nine-month="" nine="" nitrate.="" nitrite="" nitrogen.="" nitrogen="" nitzschia="" no="" noli="" non="" none="" nonparametric="" north="" northwest="" not="" noted.="" noted="" notes.="" notes="" november="" nuetral="" number="" numbers.="" numbers="" o.1="" o.="" o="" oaf="" objective="" observations="" observed.="" observed="" obtained.="" obtained="" oc="" occured="" occurence="" occurred="" occurring="" oceanica="" october="" octopus="" odor="" of="" offer="" offered="" old="" ollege="" olsen="" on="" once="" one="" only="" ophthalmonema="" optimum="" or="" organic="" organisms="" originate="" other="" others.="" others="" otolithes="" over-all="" over="" overall="" overfished.-="" overlapping="" overlying="" oxygen="" oxyurichthys="" ozamiz="" p-use="" p.="" p3="" p="" packed="" pangos="" panguil="" papain="" papaya="" paper="" parameter="" parameters.="" parameters="" pardachirus="" parson="" part="" particular="" particularly="" partly="" pass="" pathogenicity="" patial="" patterns="" pauly="" pavoninus="" pc="" peak="" pelagicus.="" pelagicus="" penaeus="" penaieds="" penicillium.="" penicillium="" pepper="" per="" percent.="" percent="" percentage="" performed="" peridinium="" period.="" period="" periods="" persisted="" pertaining="" ph.="" ph="" phicephalus="" philippines.="" philippines.october="" philippines="" phosphate-use="" phosphate.="" phosphate="" phosphates="" phosphorous="" phosphorus.="" phosphorus="" phsphate="" phsphorous="" physical="" physico-chemical="" physiologically="" phytoplankton="" pig="" pile="" pineapple="" plankton="" plant="" plastic="" platform="" pleasant="" pleurosigma="" plotosidae="" poernomo-reclamation="" polypeptide="" pond.="" pond="" ponds.="" ponds="" poor="" population="" pork="" portonus="" positive="" positivelycorrelated="" post="" potassium="" potential="" ppm="" ppt="" practice="" prduction.="" pre-pilot="" preference="" prefermented="" preparation="" preparations="" prepared="" presence="" present="" presented.="" presented="" presents="" prevailing="" prey.="" prey="" preyed="" primary="" principal="" probability.="" probability="" probably="" problems="" process.="" prodcut="" produced="" product="" production.-="" production.="" production="" productive="" productivity.-="" productivity="" products.="" products="" profiles="" profiling="" profitable="" program="" proliferated="" properties.="" properties="" proposed="" proteases="" protection="" protein="" proteolytic="" provide="" pseudo="" pseudorhombus="" puncticeps="" pyritic="" qualities="" quality="" quantitative="" quantities="" quantity="" r.-depth-distribution="" r.-the="" r="0.19" ragay="" rainfall="" rains="" raise="" randomized="" range="" ranged="" ranging="" rate="" rates="" ratio="" ratios:="" ratios="" re-lated="" reached="" reactive="" reared="" rearing="" reatment="" received="" reclaimed="" reclamation="" recommended="" recorded="" recruitment="" recruits="" red="" reduce="" reduction="" regard="" regardless="" regards="" regulated="" related="" relation="" relationship="" relationships="" relative="" relatively="" relayson-guerra="" reliable="" relies="" remain="" removing="" repeated="" replicates.="" replicates="" rerd="" resembled="" resources="" respect="" respectively.-="" respectively.="" respectively="" response="" result.="" resulted="" resulting="" results.="" results="" return="" revealed="" reversing="" reyes="" rhisozolenia="" rice="" richness="" rivers="" robles.="" rodrigo="" romarate-keeping="" romeo="" room="" rosc.="" rotifers="" ruber="" s.="" s23="" s24="" s29="" s69="" s="" saccharified="" saccharomyses.-="" saccharomyses="" saclauso="" salahuddin.="" salinity.-="" salinity="" salt="" samar="" sambilay="" same="" sample.="" sample="" sampled="" sampler="" samples="" sampling="" san="" sapian="" sardinella="" sauce.="" sauce="" sauces="" saupi="" saurida="" sausage="" scale.-="" scale="" schemes="" scores="" scylla="" sea.="" sea="" seasonal="" seasonality="" seawater.="" seawater="" second="" sector="" sedgewick-rafter="" seemed="" selected="" selection="" sensory="" septem="" september.="" september="" series="" serrata="" set.="" setnet-caught="" setnet="" sex="" shark="" shelf-life="" shelflife="" short-lived="" short="" show="" showed="" shown="" shows="" shrimps="" siganidae="" siganus="" signficantly="" significant.="" significant="" significantly.="" significantly="" similar="" since="" sites="" sixty-five="" size-groups="" size="" sizes="" slightly-lower="" slightly="" small="" smoked="" sodium="" soil-water="" soil.-="" soil.="" soil="" soils.="" soils="" soluble="" solution="" some="" sour="" southeast="" southeastern="" southwest="" sovyanhadi="" sp.="" spatial="" species-may="" species.="" species="" specifically="" spices="" spoilage="" spp.="" squid.="" sta.="" stability="" stable="" stage.="" stage="" stages.="" stages="" standing="" staphylococci="" starter="" state="" stations="" statistical="" still="" stimates="" stock="" stocked="" stocks="" stolephorus="" stomach="" storage="" stored="" streptococci="" striatus="" strickland="" strong="" strongly="" studied.="" studied="" studies="" study.="" study="" submerged="" subsequently="" subviridis="" such="" sufficient="" suggested="" suggests="" sulate="" sulfate.="" sulfate="" sulfates="" sulphate="" sulphureus="" superior="" superphosphate="" supported="" surface="" surirella="" surveyed="" surveys="" survival.="" survival="" survivalartes="" survived="" susceptible="" sweet="" synaptura="" synapturazebra.="" synthetic="" system="" t57="" t="" ta="" table="" tage="" tangub="" tapa.="" tapai="" tapay="" taxonomy="" teated="" teatments="" tempearture="" temperature.="" temperature="" temperatures="" ten="" term="" terms="" test="" tested.="" tested="" tests.="" tests="" tfc="" than="" that-the="" that="" the="" thefishery="" their="" theirconcentrations="" them="" therapon="" there="" these="" thesis-m.s.="" thetraditional="" they="" thirty="" this="" those="" three="" throughout="" thus="" ticao="" tiger-toothed="" tilage="" tilapia.="" tilapia="" tilled="" tilling="" time.="" time="" tinapayan.="" tinapayan="" tirtoredjo="" titrable="" to="" ton="" tons="" torre.="" total-p="" total="" toxic="" tr-eatment="" trace="" traditional="" traditionaland="" trammel="" tratment="" trawl="" trawlers.-="" trawlers="" treated="" treatment.="" treatment="" treatmentii="" treatmentiii="" treatments.="" treatments="" trend="" tributaries.="" tributaries="" trichiuridae="" trip="" tropical="" twelve="" twenty="" twice="" two-week="" two="" type="" types="" typical="" u.="" uly="" um="" umay="" under="" undergoes="" undertaken="" uniform="" unit="" units="" university="" unreclaimed="" until="" unvaccinated="" up="" upeneus="" upper-river="" upv="" urcuma="" use="" used="" using="" utilized="" utilizing="" v.-effects="" v="" vaccinated="" vaccination.="" vaccination="" vaious="" validity="" valuable="" value.-="" value="" values-of="" values.="" values="" variability="" variable="" variables.-="" variables="" variance="" varied="" various="" velocity="" ven="" vi="" vibrio="" victor="" view="" vii="" viii="" villages="" visayas-miagao="" visayas.="" visayas="" volatile="" volume="" w="" walkley="" was="" water.-="" water.="" water="" waters.="" waters="" week="" weekly="" weeks="" weight="" weights="" well.="" well="" were:="" were="" werre="" wet="" when="" whether="" which="" while="" widespread="" wind="" with="" within="" without="" x="" xerophilic="" y="-216.3" year="" yeast="" yeasts="" yield="" yielded="" yields="" ymbopogon="" ynchobatus="" yoedono-phosphate="" ysi="" z34="" z="" zafran="" zodoaria="" zoea-2="" zoea-5="" zoea="" zoeal-1="" zoeal="" zones.="" zooplankton.="" zooplankton="">0.05) in their diets between length groups (<22 and="">22cm)
and between sex. Synaptura mulleri had the most varied prey composition
(highest diversity Hand widest resource breadth B) of all flatfishes examined.
Seven principal prey types were important (IRI>100) in the diets of S.
mulleri thus, the high B value but low dominance d value. Index of Similarity
(S) and Hierarchial Cluster Analysis were used to measure dietary development
overlap between flatfish species. Diet oerlap based on the number of cmmon prey
were high between P. arsius and P. malayanus (S=0.74), between P. malayanus and
S. mulleri (S=0.65) and between P. malayanus and S. zebra (S=0.65). Similarity
of diet was moderate between S. mulleri and S. zebra (S=0.60) and between P.
arsius and S. mulleri (S=0.58). Synaptura mulleri consumed the most number of
prey. Hierarchial cluster analysis shows that P. arsius, P. malayanus, S.
mulleri and S. zebra are grouped together while P. javanicus, C.bilineatus and
C. puncticeps belong to another group.- Flounder
40. Caipang, Christopher Marlowe Arandela. Determination of
nati-viral potential of the Japanese flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus, Mx.
2001. 86 leaves. Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries-Tokyo University of Fisheries-Tokyo,
Japan. Location: CFOS-Serials(LG995 2001 F5 C35 ) Mx proteins belong to the
interferon-induced gene family, and are expressed when the cells are exposed to
double-stranded RNA (ds-RNA) or infected with viruses. They form one of the
important components of the host's anti-viral responses since they play crucial
roles during the early stages of viral infection. Studies indicate that Mx
strongly inhibits the multiplication of negative-stranded RNA viruses. The
genes encoding for the Mx protein have been cloned from a variety of fish
species: including perch, Atlantic salmon, rainbow trout, Atlantic halibut and
Japanese flounder. In the case of Japanese flounder Mx (JFMx), it remains to be
determined whether or not it possesses anti-viral activity. Moreover, its
localization within the cell needs to be determined to further elucidate its
anti-viral mechanisms. Hence, this study was conducted to assess its anti-viral
potential using an in vitro system. In addition, it was expressed in
Escherichia coli for the production of a fusion protein as an initial step
towards the generation of its antibody. The molecular mass of JFMx was
determined using a commercial in vitro transcription/translation system. For
anti-viral assessment, hirame natural embryo cell (HINAE) were transfected with
the recombinant JFMx under the control of the cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter.
Transfected cells were selected using 400 ug/ml G-418 in L-15 medium for one
month, and subsequently maintained in a culture medium containing 200 ug/ml
G-418. Viral titers were quantified in Mx-, vector- and non-transfected HINAE
that were infected with hirame rhabdovirus (HIRRV), viral hemorrhagic
septicemia virus (VHSV) and red seabream iridovirus (RSIV). Moreover, the
kinetics of the viral gene expression at 1, 2 and 4 days post-infection were
determined by RT-PCR and quantitative real time PCR. A 879-bp JFMx fragment was
cloned downstream of the glutathione S-transferase gene and subsequently
transformed in E. coli for the production of its fusion protein. The JFMx
protein is approximately 68 kDa, based on Western blot analysis. High JFMx
expression levels were observed in transfected HINAE compared with the
non-transfected cell, indicating the enhanced effect of the CMV promoter. HIRRV
and VHSV titers in JFMx-transfected HINAE were significantly lower (p<0 -="" -goby="" -u.="" .05="" 0.17="" 1.0="" 1.42="" 1.5m="" 10.6="" 103="" 106="" 10="" 11.83="" 11="" 12.74="" 13="" 14="" 15.0="" 168="" 17="" 1982="" 1983="" 1984.="" 1984="" 1987="" 1988.="" 1991.="" 1991="" 1996.="" 1996="" 1="" 1m="" 2-4="" 2.8="" 20="" 22.5="" 225="" 22="" 24="" 2="" 2nd="" 3.4="" 3.="" 30="" 3="" 41.="" 42.="" 43.="" 44.="" 47="" 4:1="" 4="" 4th="" 6="" 72="" 74="" 8="" 9.63="" a="" abarca.="" about="" abra="" abundance="" abundant="" abundio="" acceptability="" ad="" added="" age="" all="" also="" amelba="" among="" an="" analyses="" analysis="" and="" animals="" antibody.-="" anuary.="" appearance="" approximately="" april="" are="" area.="" as="" associated="" at="" attributes="" aws="" bacterial="" barangays.="" barangays="" bay="" be="" become="" better="" between="" biology="" body="" bohol="" both="" bulk="" but="" by="" calape="" calculated="" capsid="" capture="" catch="" caught="" cell="" cells="" cfosl-serials-prior="" cfosl-serials="" changes="" chonophorus="" cm.="" cm="" coastal="" coefficient="" coli.="" collected="" combination="" compared="" comparison="" compose="" composition="" comprised="" computed="" conducted="" content="" copy="" count.="" count="" culture="" d84="" data.="" data="" day="" days.="" days="" december="" degree="" density="" description="" determination="" determine="" determined="" developed="" diet.-="" differences="" different="" discussed.="" discussed="" distribution="" dumadag="" during="" e.="" each="" ecapterus="" economically="" effects="" effort="" eight="" either="" end="" environmental="" epinephelus="" equivalent="" estimated="" evaluation="" examined="" exploitation="" exploited="" expressed="" expression="" extraction="" f5="" families="" family="" february="" fed="" feeds="" female="" females="" final="" fingerlings="" finisher="" first="" fish="" fisheries-u.="" fisheries="" fishery="" flavour="" floating="" followed="" food="" for="" found="" fragment="" frequency="" from="" fry="" fully="" fused="" fusion="" g34="" g="" galicia="" galonggong="" galunggong="" gene="" general="" generation="" given.="" given="" glutathione="" glycoprotein="" goatffish="" goatfish="" gobies="" goboid="" goby="" grouper="" grow="" growth="" gulf.="" gulf="" hand="" has="" having="" higher="" highest="" hinae.="" hirrv="" hours="" however="" hr.="" i="" ice.-="" ice.="" ice="" identified="" ilocos="" iloilo.="" implies="" important="" in="" increased="" increment="" individuals="" inferior="" information="" inversely="" ipon="" is.="" is="" it="" item="" jfmx-and="" jfmx-transfected="" jfmx="" julita="" july="" june="" k="0.9736/yr" kg="" kinetics="" know="" lacrymosus="" larvae="" leaves.="" length.="" length="" lengths="" lesser="" level="" libitum.="" life.="" lingayen="" load="" location:="" longer="" loo="16.09" lowest="" m.="" m3="" macrosoma="" major="" male="" males.length-weight="" march="" material="" maturity="" may="" mean="" medium="" melanocephalus.="" miag-ao="" microbial="" microbiological="" minimum="" mm.="" mm="" moisture="" molds="" months="" more="" moreover="" mortality="" most="" mouth.="" mullidae="" namely="" netcages.="" netcages="" newspaper="" nine="" no="" non-transfected="" not="" nucleoprotein="" number="" observed="" oc="" october="" odour="" of="" on="" only="" or="" other="" over="" p.="" p="" pangangan="" paper="" parameters.-="" parameters.="" pattern="" peneus="" per="" period="" pinephelu="" plate="" plump="" population="" post-infection="" premix.="" present="" presented.="" presents="" pril="" produced="" product.="" product="" production="" projected="" prolonged="" proportional="" protein="" protocol="" pulses="" purification="" quality.="" quality="" r.-aspect="" ragasa.="" range="" ranked="" raw="" recruitment="" relation="" relationship="" relative="" replicated="" respect="" respectively.="" respectively="" result="" revealed="" rios="" river="" robust="" room="" rsiv="" rt="" s-transferase="" same="" sample="" samples="" santa="" season="" sensory="" september.="" seven="" sexes="" shelf="" shorter="" showed="" shrimp="" sicyopterus="" significant="" significantly="" six="" size="" smoked="" smoking="" soluble="" sp.="" spawns="" species.="" species="" specific="" stability="" stocked="" stomach="" storage.="" storage="" store="" stored="" structure="" study="" subjected="" subsequent="" suillus="" sulphureus="" sur-february="" sur="" survival="" susan="" take="" taxa="" temperature="" texture="" than="" that="" the="" their="" them="" there="" thesis-m.s.="" thirty="" this="" three="" thrice.="" thus="" time="" times="" titers="" to="" total="" transfected="" trash="" trawl="" trawlers="" treatment="" treatments="" trt="" two="" types.="" types="" u.="" u54="" under="" ungson="" unit="" used="" vector-="" verified="" vhsv="" vicinity="" visayas.="" vistal.="" vitamin="" was="" weight="" were="" while="" will="" with="" wrapped="" x="" year="" years="" yeasts="" yellow="" yellowfin="">0.01) from each other. Highly significant differences (P<0 -="" .01="" 1="" 2="" 3.="" 3="" 96.67="" and="" as="" between="" but="" by="" consumption="" differences="" feed="" followed="" for="" gain="" highest="" in="" kg="" lowest="" mean="" no="" not="" production="" rate="" recorded="" significant="" survival="" trt="" trts="" was="" weight="" well="" were="">0.05) were seen on percentage weight gain, feed conversion
ratio (FCR), protein efficiency ratio (PER) and condition factor of groupers in
all three treatments. FCR's in all treatments were similar : 2.18 (Trt 1), 2.96
(Trt 2), and- 2.94 (Trt 3). PER's of the treatments were as follows: 0.82 (Trt
1), 0.94 (Trt 2), and 0.68 (Trt 3). A highly significant differnce (P<0 --u.="" -.="" -0.28="" -1.083="" -="" -experiments="" -inhanited="" -thesis-m.s.="" -u.="" ..development="" .01="" 0-5oc.-december="" 0-5oc="" 0.047="" 0.086="" 0.103="" 0.113="" 0.125="" 0.149="" 0.173="" 0.1="" 0.5="" 0.83="" 0="" 1-3="" 1.59="" 100-.="" 100="" 100mg="" 10="" 10o="" 113="" 12-14="" 143="" 15="" 15oc="" 16.1="" 17="" 1822="" 1829="" 192="" 1976="" 1977.="" 1977="" 1978.="" 1980.="" 1980="" 1982.="" 1983.="" 1983="" 1984.="" 1984="" 1986.="" 1986="" 1987.="" 1987="" 1988.="" 1988="" 1990.="" 1990="" 1998.="" 1998="" 19="" 1="" 20="" 21="" 22.6-="" 22="" 23="" 24="" 25="" 26="" 2="" 3-7="" 3.="" 30="" 33oc.-="" 35="" 37="" 38.25="" 39.2-.="" 39.23="" 3="" 4.25="" 4.3="" 4.60="" 4.8-5.8="" 4.8="" 40="" 40m2="" 40o="" 41.97="" 43="" 45.="" 46.="" 47.="" 48.09="" 48.="" 49.="" 4="" 5.36="" 5.45="" 50.="" 50="" 51.17="" 51.="" 51="" 52.="" 53.="" 54.="" 55.="" 56="" 5="" 5th="" 6.0="" 6.35="" 61="" 63.46="" 66.6-="" 69="" 70="" 72="" 74="" 75-="" 75="" 7="" 80="" 87="" 8="" 9.1-="" 95="" 980="" 98="" :="" a36="" a39="" a3="" a7="" a="" abnormalities.="" abnormality="" abounds="" about="" abrupt="" absence="" absorped="" absorption="" acosta="" activity="" added="" adeyemi="" adult="" adults.="" aduma="" affected="" aflor="" after="" against="" age="" albay="" algae.="" algae="" algal="" all="" alone="" also="" although="" amilton="" among="" amounts="" an="" analysis.="" analysis="" and="" animal.="" annelid="" anulirus="" any="" apparently="" appear="" appearan="" appearance="" application="" april="" aquaculture="" aquaria="" aquino="" are="" arellano="" artificial="" artificialsubstance="" as:="" as="" ash="" aspects="" at="" attained="" attributed="" august="" aveage="" average="" aw="" azubuike-effect="" bacteria="" bacterial="" bags.="" barachus="" basal="" based="" bay.="" be="" been="" behavior="" being="" belen="" bellulus="" belong="" bertalanffy="" best="" better="" between="" biological="" biology="" body="" both="" bottle="" botulinum="" brachionus="" brackish="" brackishwater="" bran="" broth.-="" but="" by="" c.="" ca2="" cagayan="" calcitran="" cannibalism="" capacity="" carapace="" carried="" catches.="" catches="" ce="" cell="" cells="" center="" cfosl-serials-sagittae="" cfosl-serials="" chaetoceros="" change="" changes="" chanos="" chicken="" chlorella.="" chlorella="" city..="" city.="" cl-="" cl="" close="" clostridium="" cloudy="" cm.="" cm="" coefficient="" coioides.-="" coioides="" collected="" college="" comberomorus="" combination="" combinations="" combined="" commercial="" commerson="" common="" comparable="" comparative="" compared.="" compared="" comparison="" completely.="" completely="" comprising="" concentration.="" concentration="" condition.="" conditions.="" conditions="" conducted.="" conducted="" confidence="" consisted="" consistently="" consists="" consumption="" content="" contents="" continuous="" conventionally="" correlate="" correlated="" correlation="" coscinodiscus="" cost="" costatum="" could="" count="" counted="" counts="" cove="" cow="" crop="" culture="" cultured="" curves.="" d64="" daily="" dark="" dasy="" data="" dates="" day-01="" day-02="" day-03.="" day.-="" day="" days="" de="" december="" declined="" degrade="" degree="" delayed="" della="" densities="" density="" dependent="" depending="" deposit="" derived="" describe="" design="" detected="" determine="" determined="" developed.="" developed="" development="" diatoms="" did="" differ="" difference="" differences="" different="" diminished="" diploneis="" distibution="" distribution="" dominant="" domingo="" donaldo="" done="" due="" durin="" during="" dynamics="" e.="" e="" each="" early="" ecological="" ecology="" economic="" economically="" effect="" effects="" eganes="" egg="" eggs.="" eggs="" eighteen="" either="" electronmicroscopy="" elefan="" elucidate="" embryonic="" embryos="" enterobacteriaceae="" entirely="" epinephelus="" equal="" equation="" establish="" estimated="" estimates="" etal="" evaluate="" evaluated="" evaluation="" even="" examined="" except="" exhibited="" experient="" experiment="" experimental="" experiments="" exploitation.="" exploitation="" exploratory="" extracted="" f5="" factorial="" factors="" family="" faster="" fats="" february="" fed="" feed="" feeding="" feeds="" females.="" females="" femoristuga="" fequency="" fertilization="" fertilized="" fertilizer="" filter-feeder="" final="" findings="" fingerlings="" finisher="" fish="" fisheries-miag-ao="" fisheries-u.="" fisheries="" fishermen="" fishery="" fishing.="" fishing="" fishponds.="" flavour="" floating="" folajimi.="" followed="" following="" food="" for="" formed="" forskal="" found="" frederick="" frequency="" frigate="" from="" fry.="" fry="" g3="" g="" galbana="" galope="" garvid="" gave="" general="" generated="" globular="" globule="" glycogen="" gm.="" gm="" gonadal="" grace="" gradually="" greater="" gross="" groundplasm="" grouper="" grown="" growth.="" growth="" gut="" ha="" had="" halophilic="" hand="" handpicking="" hanos="" hatched="" hatchin="" hatching-="" hatching="" have="" haveclear="" hepatocytes="" high="" higher="" highest="" his="" histamine-producing="" histamine="" histoy="" homarus.="" homogenates="" hours="" however="" hr="" i="" identified="" ignatius="" ii="" iii="" iloilo-miag-ao="" iloilo.="" iloilo="" ime="" immature="" implying="" in="" income="" increased="" increment="" incubated="" incubation="" indicated="" individuals.="" inestment="" influence="" influenced="" infusion="" inputs="" insignificant="" intake="" intervals="" investigated="" investment="" involved.="" ions="" is="" isochrysis="" isorena.="" it="" its="" iv="" josephine="" july="" june="" k="0.16" kg="" kitaroi="" klebsiella="" klebsielleae.="" known="" l.="" l8="" l="14.9" laboartoy.="" laboratory="" lacepede="" larvae="" larval="" leaves.="" leganes="" leignathus="" leigonathus="" leiognathus="" length-frequency="" length="" leny="" leonor="" lesser="" level="" levels.="" levels="" life="" light-and-dark="" light="" like="" likewise="" lingula="" liver="" lobster="" lobsters="" locally="" location:="" longipes="" looked="" low="" lower="" lowest="" lt="14.0" lumut="" luna="" m.="" m2="" m57="" m="0.64" mackerel="" made="" mainly="" males="" manila="" manure...-ure="" manure.="" manure="" manures="" march="" margin.="" marsupium="" material="" mature="" may="" mean="" measurements="" mechanical="" media.="" mejia-relationships="" mesophilic="" metasiriella="" mg2="" mg="" miag-ao="" milkfish="" miniature="" miranda="" mitochondria.="" mm.-="" mm="" moisture="" mollusk="" monitored="" month="" months.="" more="" mortality="" most="" mostly="" na="" namely:="" natunawan="" natural="" near="" nessarius="" net="" netcages="" newly-fertilized="" newly-hatched="" newly="" nine="" no="" not="" nuclei="" numerically="" nursery="" o-the="" observations="" observed="" obtained="" oc="" october="" odo="" odorifera.="" odour="" of="" ofthe="" oil="" oils="" old="" on="" one="" only="" oo="" optimum="" or="" orange-spotted="" order="" orejana.="" organic="" organisms="" ornatus="" orsskal="" other.="" other="" otolith="" otoliths="" out="" oxygen="" oxytoca="" p.="" p="" packed="" pairs="" pale="" panulirus="" parameter="" parameters="" particles="" pe="" peak="" pecentage="" penicellatus.="" penicillatus="" per="" percentage="" perfringens="" period.="" period="" ph="" philippines.="" philippines.october="" philippines="" phosphate-phosphorus="" phosphorus.="" phosphorus="" physico-chemical="" physiological="" phytoplankton.="" phytoplankton="" pinephelus="" plate="" plementary="" plicatilis="" polyethylene="" pond.="" pond="" ponds.="" ponds="" poorest="" population="" power="" pp="" ppt.="" ppt="" prawn="" predominant="" premix.="" premix="" prepared="" presence="" present="" primarily="" primary="" procedure="" produced="" production.-="" production="" productivity="" products="" profit="" profitable.-="" profitable="" prolonged="" properties="" protein="" proteins="" province="" psychrophilic="" qualities="" quality="" quantity="" quinte-rearing="" quite="" r="-0.15," raised="" ramdomized="" randomized="" ranged="" ranging="" rate="" rates="" rather="" raw="" reach="" reactive="" readable="" reared="" rearing="" recorded="" recruitment="" regular="" relation="" relatively="" released="" remarkably="" renato="" replicated="" replicates="" reproduced="" resorbed="" respectively.-="" respectively.="" respectively="" response="" result="" resulted="" results.="" results="" return="" returns="" revealed="" rice="" rings.="" rings="" sac="" sales="" salinities.="" salinities="" salinity.-="" salinity="" samples.="" samples="" sampling="" san="" scavenge.="" season="" selected="" sensory="" september="" serratia="" sets="" sexual="" shapes="" shelflife="" show="" showed="" shrimp="" shrunken="" significant.-="" significant.="" significant="" significantly="" similar="" simple="" single="" six="" size="" skeletonema="" slightly="" small-scale="" smaller="" smoked="" smokehouse="" smoking.-="" smoking="" so4-="" soil="" some="" sp.="" spanish="" spawning="" spear="" species.="" species="" specific="" spiny="" splendens.="" splendens="" spotty="" stability="" stage="" stages="" stalk="" standard="" standing="" state="" statistically="" stocked="" stocking="" storage.="" storage="" stored="" studied="" study.="" study="" substrate.="" substrate="" substrates="" sucgang-identification="" such="" suggesting="" suggests="" suillus="" summer="" sup-="" superior="" supplementary="" supported="" surf="" survival.="" survival="" suvival="" t75="" t="" tabaco="" tah="" tangigue="" technique="" temperature="" terms="" test="" tetrahele="" tetraselis="" tetraselmis="" tha="" than="" that="" thazard="" the="" their="" there="" theresa="" these="" thesis-m.s.="" this="" those="" though="" thoughout="" three="" through="" throughout="" time.="" times.="" to="" tolarated="" tolerance="" ton="" tons="" total="" toxic="" toxocological="" traits.="" trash="" treatment.="" treatment="" treatments.="" treatments="" tribe="" trinidad="" trt="" trts="" two="" type="" types="" ultrastructural="" unde="" under="" unguis="" unicellular="" units="" university="" up="" upon="" upv-bac="" use="" used="" using="" uvier="" uxis="" v.="" v="" vacuum="" vagay.="" validated="" validation="" validity="" values="" varied="" veage="" versicolor="" vi="" viable.="" vicente="" vii="" viii="" virginica="" visayas.="" visayas="" vitamin="" volumes="" von="" vulnerable="" w="" was="" water.="" water="" weather="" week="" weight="" well="" were="" when="" where="" which="" while="" with="" within="" without="" year.="" year="" years="" yield="" yielded="" yolk-sac="" yolk="" young="" ysidacea="" z6="" zaldy="" zone="">0.05). The gross primary productivity (mg C/1 for 4 hours)
in Treatment 1 (chicken manure at 2,500 kg/ha) was significantly greater (P<0 .05="" 2="" 5="" and="" at="" between="" correlation="" crop="" gross="" ha="" ii="" iii="" kg="" net="" no="" phytoplankton="" primary="" productivity="" r="0.05;P" rice="" standing="" straw="" than="" there="" treatment="" urea="" was="">0.05). No significant correlation was obtained between the
standing crop of phytoplankton and the phosphate-phosphorus content of pond
waters (r = 0.13; P>0.05).-
56. Baliao, Dan D. Evaluation of a combination of indoor-outdoor
nursery system for growing milkfish fry to fingerlings-December 1978. x, 67
leaves, 14 figs.,14 tabs. Thesis--M.S. in Fisheries-College of Fisheries, UPV.
Iloilo. Location: PCARR; SEAFDEC-AQDL; UPV-BACL; UPVCFOSL (LG995 1978 F5 B34).
Milkfish fry were pre-stocked at the rate of 3,500, 4,500 and 5,500/m3 in
wooden nursery boxes, each 1.39 m2 in area, filled with water to depth of 20.5
cm. At the same time another batch of fry were directly stocked at the rate of
50 fry/m2 to half the number of earthen nursery ponds, each 31.32 m2 in area,
containing water to depth of 40 cm. in lab-lab nursery pond and 75 cm. in
plankton nursery pond. After 30 days culture period, the pre-stocked fry in
wooden nursery boxes were harvested and stocked to the remaining half of
lab-lab and plankton nursery ponds. All nursery boxes and nursery ponds were
fertilized following the recommended rate. After 61 days culture period all
fish were harvested. Results indicated that in nursery boxes, growth rate
averaging .003 gm/day/fish and percentage survival averaging 89.8- showed no
significant difference existing among different stocking densities. In nursery
ponds, the growth rate averaging .023 gm/day/fish and percentage survival
averaging 52.45- varied significantly between the two methods of culture.
Significant differences were observed between pre-stocked fingerlings and those
stocked directly in terms of growth rate and survival which were .036
gm/day/fish and 61.7- and .010 gm/day/fish and 43.2-, respectively. However,
lab-lab method comparatively gave higher percentage survival and faster rate of
growth than the plankton method.-
57. Banno, Jessie E. The food and feeding habits of the milkfish
(Chanos chanos Forskal)collected from two habitats along the coast of Hamtik,
Antique. October, 1980. 77 leaves. Thesis--M.S. in Fisheries-U. P. College of
Fisheries-Iloilo City. Location: CFOSL-Serials (LG995 1980 F5 B35)-Milkfish fry
were collected weekly and daily from the marine and estuarine habitats for food
habit, feeding periodicity and abundance studies during the 1977 and 1978 fry
seasons in Hamtik, Antique. Gut content analysis of the milkfish fry, 13.4 +
0.9 mm total length and 7.5 + 1.9 mg body weight, indicated that 71 of the 636
and 34 of the 391 collected weekly from the marine and estuarine habitats, respectively,
contained plankton in their guts. Likewise, only 40 individuals of the 1289
marine samples and 71 of the 1377 estuarine samples collected daily, ingested
plankton. Five genera of the diatoms, three of copepods, two types of
foraminiferans, and sand grains were found in the guts of the milkfish fry. The
most comon were Coscinodiscus sp., Oithona sp., Paracalanus sp., and Calanus
sp. Milkfish fry started feeding on plankton at 0600 hours and stopped at 1900
hours, with active feeding at 0700 to 1300 hours, 1400 to 1700 hours and 0000
to 0200 hours which were the highest, the intermediate and the least pronounced
peak feedings respectively. The data indicate a low incidence of feeding on
plankton in both habitats. This could be due to the small quantity of plankton
during fry collection. However, this also strongly suggests that the primary
sources of food for the fry are the vast quantities of detritus and inorganic
nutrients which abound along coastal areas and which the fry could easily
utilize for their nutritional requirements. Milkfish fry abundance is not
related to the height of tides, per se.-
58. Bara, Agabus. Effect of different levels of chicken manure and
ammonium phosphate on milkfish. March 1984. 112 leaves. Thesis-M.S. in
Fisheries-U. P. in the Visayas. Miag-ao, Iloilo. Location: CFOSL-Serials (LG995
1978 F6 B36)-This study was conducted at the University of the Philippines in
the Visayas, Brackishwater Aquaculture Center (UPV-BAC) Leganes, Iloilo from
June 20 to November 30, 1983. Fifteen rectangular experimental ponds were used
to determine the effect of different levels of chicken manure and ammonium
phosphate (16-20-0) on milkfish production, gross primary productivity and some
selected soil and water properties in a completely randomized design with three
replications.The highest net fish yield of 502.12 kg/ha was obtained in
Treatment III (1000kg/ha chicken manure plus 50 kg/ha basal 16-20-0).This was
followed by Treatment II(2000 kg/ha chicken manure plus 50 kg/ha basal 16-20-0)
with a net fish yield of494.09kg/ha.In Treatment V (no chicken manure but 75
kg/ha basal 16-20-0) the net fish yield (238 kg/ha) was lowest. Generally,
treatments with chicken manure application (III, II, and I) had higher mean net
fish yield than without chicken manure apllication (IV and V). Fish survival
obtained in all treatments was low ranged from 64.4- to 76.7-. However, the
difference in mean percent survival among the treatments were not significant.
The highest primary productiviti was recorded in Treatment I (21.27 ppm - O2)
and the lowest in Treatment V (2.93 ppm - O2). Generally, primary productivity
increased after fertilizer application. Correlation analysis between gross
primary productivity and fish yield showed high positive correlation. Based on
the results of this study the economic analysis showed that Treatment III (1000
kg/ha chicken manure, 50 kg/ha of-ammonium phosphate in basal and 30 kg/ha in
subsequent application is the most profitable. This treatment gave a net profit
of P 2,194.25/ha per cropwith acost-benefit ratio of 1.43.-
59. Chiu, Yvonne Ng. Studies on the carbohydrates on the digestive
tract of Chanos chanos Forskal. May 1979. 45 leaves. Thesis-M.S. in
Fisheries-U. P. in the Visayas. Miag-ao, Iloilo.. Location: CFOSL-Serials
(LG995 1979 F5 C55). The distribution of carbohydrates in pond-grown Chanos
chanos (milkfish) with average weights ranging from 97.0 to 132.8 g was
examined. For amylase, the periodicity in relation with feeding activity, the
characterization by pH, temperature and salinity activity profiles and the
level of activity with starch from various sources were determined. The
carbohydrates were found mainly in the pyloric caeca and intestines. The most
active group of enzymes were those involved in the hydrolysis of the alpha-glucosidic
bonds. High activity was noted for trehalase, alpha (1-6) glucosidase and
maltase. Although the milkfish samples used relied mostly on plant (algal)
materials for food, no cellulase activity was detected. Amylase, a major
carbohydrase, was found in most of the digestive organs but high activity was
observed in the pyloric caeca, intestines, pancreas and liver. Intestinal
amylase secretion is induced by the intake of food, both peaking at about
midday. The intestinal amylase had a pH optimum of pH 6.2 and a temperature
optimum of 50oC. A high amylase activity was maintained over a salinity range
of 10 to 40 ppt. Milkfish amylase can be used in the in vitro assessment of the
digestibili-ty of starch from various sources.-
60. Eldani, Abdurizal A. Polyculture of Milkfish (Chanos chanos
Forskal) and Prawn (Penaeus monodon Fabricius) at Different Stocking
Combinations in Brackishwater Ponds. May 1979. 73 leaves. Thesis--M.S. in
Fisheries--U. P. in the Visayas. Miag-ao, Iloilo. Location: CFOSL-Serials
(LG995 1979 F5 E43) A study was conducted on the polyculture of milkfish
(Chanos chanos Forskal) and prawn (Penaeus monodon Fabricius) in nine 500 sq. m
earthen ponds of the SEAFDEC Leganes Station, from November 12 to March 15,
1979. The different stocking combinations tested were : 2,000 milkfish fingerlings
per ha (Treatment I); 2,000 milkfish fingerlings plus 4,000 prwn juveniles per
ha (Treatment II); and 2,000 milkfish fingerlings plus 8,000 prawn juveniles
per ha (Treatment III), with three replicates per treatment. Results indicated
the highest combined net milkfish and prawn production was obtained in
Treatment III with 492.1 kg per ha followed by treatment II with 404.1 kg per
ha and then treatment I (milkfish only) with 280.5 kg per ha. The difference in
combined net production between treatments III and I and between treatments II
and I was statistically significant at the 5 - level. Average net production of
milkfish alone was also highest in treatment III followed by treatment II and
then treatment I, although differences were not significant. However, mean
weight of prawn was higher in treatment II compared to treatment III. The
average survival rates of milkfish for all treatments were high ranging from 90
to 96 -. In the case of prawn, average survival rates were low at around 50 -
for both treatments. There was no significant difference in the survival rate
of milkfish among treatments. Likewise, there was no significant difference in
the survival rate of prawn between treatments II and III. The competitive
relationship between milkfish and prawn were negative-values as indicated by
the competition index. The economic analysis indicated that polyculture was
better than monoculture in terms of profitability.-
61. Gauzon, Jose Enrique Diel-Effects of Temperature and Salinity
on the Food Consumption and Growth of Artificially-Fed Milkfish (Chanos chanos
Forskal). July 1997. 31 leaves. Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries-U. P. in the Visayas.
Miag-ao, Iloilo. Location: CFOSL-Serials (LG995 1997 F5 G3 ) Juvenile milkfish
(mean weight 57.75 +- 8.94 g) were fed an artificial diet (23 - crude protein)
at 6 - of body weight feeding rate and reared at two twmpwrature (24oC +-1oC
and 34oC+-1oC) and salinity (24 ppt +-1 ppt and 34 ppt +-1 ppt) levels for 19
days. Mean food consumptions per day did not exceed 2- of fish body weight in
all treatments. Milkfish had higher feed consumption at high temperature (34oC)
but fish weight decreased. Further, temperature significantly influenced feed
consumption, faecal egestion and apparent protein digestibility of milkfish in
this experiment. The combination of low temperature (24oC) and low salinity
(24ppt) resulted to lowest feed conversion ratio, highest protein efficiency
ratio and highest specific growth rate.-
62. Humilde, Primo Merino. Growth, survival and net yield of
milkfish Chanos chanos Forskal (1775) reared in floating net cages at different
stocking densities..May 2001. 40 leaves. Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries-U. P. in the
Visayas. Miag-ao, Iloilo. Location: CFOSL-Serials (LG995 2001 F5 H84). This
study determined growth, survival and production of milkfish (Chanos chanos)
reared in floating net cages for 120 days at stocking densities of 12.5, 25, 50
and 100 individuals per cubic meter. Growth was inversely proportional with
stocking density but differences were not significant among treatments.
Survival on the other hand was almost similar in all the densities tested
(99.33-99.83%). Production however, markedly increased with increasing density
(P<0 -.="" -="" -u.="" .01="" 0-20-0="" 0.05="" 1-12="" 100="" 100m2="" 10="" 11.3="" 112="" 118.2="" 12="" 142="" 15.6="" 16-20-0="" 17="" 18.4="" 1979.="" 1980.="" 1980="" 1981.="" 1981="" 1985.="" 1985="" 1987.="" 1987="" 1="" 22.0="" 23-29oc="" 25="" 27.4="" 27="" 28-day="" 2="" 30-="" 30-day="" 300="" 30="" 32.8="" 34.4="" 35-47="" 35.3="" 38.7="" 39.3="" 39.75="" 39="" 3="" 40.4="" 417kg="" 42="" 45-0-0="" 46.7="" 4="" 50="" 53.2="" 535="" 56="" 57="" 587.6="" 58="" 59="" 5="" 60.19="" 60.25="" 62.9="" 62="" 63.="" 64.="" 65.="" 66.="" 67.="" 6="" 70.42="" 70.73="" 75="" 76.66="" 7="" 800="" 80="" 86="" 88.7="" 8="" 90="" 95.8="" 972="" :="" a.-="" a.="" a="" access="" accounted="" addressed="" aeration="" after="" airlift="" alkalinity="" all="" allow="" also="" although="" among="" an="" analysis.="" analysis="" and-benthic="" and="" another="" anuary="" any="" application="" applied="" april="" aquaculture="" aquaria="" arnulfo="" artificial="" as="" ash="" at="" available="" ave.="" average="" b.="" b="" back="" basically="" be="" became="" because="" being="" benefit="" benefits="" benthic="" between="" beyond="" block="" bottles="" bottom="" brachionus="" brackishwater="" bran="" but="" by="" c.="" c="" carried="" center="" cfosl-serials="" changes="" chanos="" combination="" commenced.="" commercially="" community="" compared="" comparing="" compartments="" completely="" component="" concentration="" condition="" conducted="" containing="" contributed="" control.="" control="" correlate="" correlated="" correlation="" corresponding="" cost="" could="" crokked="" crop="" d.="" d="" dark="" dawn="" day="" days.="" days="" declining="" decrease="" densities.-="" densities.="" density.="" department="" design.="" design="" desnity="" determine="" determined.="" dies="" diet="" diets="" difference="" differences="" different="" diminish="" dispersion="" dissolved="" distribution="" diurnal="" divided="" dry="" during="" each="" earthen="" economic="" effect="" effective="" effects="" efficacy="" end="" especially="" espejo-evaluation="" establishing="" estimated="" esults="" evaluated="" every="" except="" experiment="" experimental="" experiments="" f5="" faith="" favour="" february="" fed="" feed="" feeding.="" feeding="" feeds="" fertilization="" fertilized="" fertilizer="" fertilizers="" fertlizer="" ffor="" fiberlass="" find="" first="" fish="" fisheries="" flea="" floating="" flow-through="" flow="" followed="" food="" for="" forms="" forskal="" forsskal="" found="" four="" free="" frequencies="" frequency="" from="" frozen="" fry.="" fry="" further="" g.m2="" g="" gain="" gave="" gil="" given="" glass="" good.="" growth="" ha.="" ha="" had="" hand="" hanos="" have="" head="" hemorrhages="" high="" higher="" highest="" highly="" holding.="" holding="" hot="" however="" i36="" i="" ikotun="" iloilo.="" iloilo="" improve="" in="" increase="" increased="" increasing="" incremental="" indicated="" individuals="" information="" initial="" inorganic="" into="" is="" it="" its="" j.-the="" j35="" jamandre="" james.="" july="" june="" kg="" l84="" la-lab="" lab-lab="" leaves.="" leganes="" less="" level="" levels="" light="" limit="" liter="" live="" located="" location:="" low="" lower="" lowest="" lumasag="" m.-the="" m.="" m2="" m37="" m3="" m57="" m="" macrocopa.="" macrocopa="" make="" manage="" marasigan="" march="" marked="" marquez="" may="" mea="" mean="" means="" mechanized="" metabolisms="" method="" mg.="" mg="" miag-ao="" might="" milkfish="" minimum="" modification="" moina="" monitored="" most="" n.-the="" natural="" net="" next="" nh3-n="" nitrate="" no2-n="" no3-n="" no="" not="" nutrient="" observed="" obtained="" of="" often="" on="" one="" only="" or="" other="" out="" oxygen="" p.="" p="0.05)." pelleted="" pellets="" per="" percent="" perhaps="" period.="" period="" periods="" ph="" phase="" phases.="" physico-chemical="" phytoplankton="" plankton="" plicatilis-fed="" plicatilis="" po4-p="" pond="" ponds-march="" ponds.="" ponds="" population="" populations="" positive="" ppt="" practice="" preiod="" primary="" prior="" problem="" production.-="" production.="" production="" productivity="" profitability="" profitable.="" profits="" progressively="" properties="" protein="" provide="" quality="" quartes="" r="0.40," raining="" randomized="" ranging="" rate="" rates="" reached="" reared="" rearing="" relationship="" relationships="" replicated="" replicates.="" respectively.="" respectively="" results="" rhoda="" rice="" rotifer="" run="" salinity="" sampler="" sampling="" satisfactory="" sea="" seafdec="" second="" seemed="" sh-free-dry="" should="" showed="" significant="" significantly="" sinking="" sixteen="" slower="" soil="" some="" spreader.="" sq="" standing="" started="" starts="" stay="" stocked="" stocking="" straus="" study="" subdivided="" sunday="" superphosphate="" supplementary="" surface="" survival="" survivals="" syndrome.-="" system.="" tanks="" technique="" termination="" terms="" tested="" tetrahele="" tetraselmis="" than="" that="" the="" theoretically="" there="" these="" thesis-m.s.="" third="" this="" those="" three="" through="" thus="" tide-fed="" times="" to="" treatment="" treatments.-="" treatments="" trials="" two="" unfed="" unfertilized="" up="" upv-bac="" urea="" use="" used.="" usin="" using="" utilizing="" values.="" vertical="" very="" visayas.="" was="" water.="" water="" week="" weeks="" weight="" weights="" were:="" were="" when="" which="" while="" wild="" with="" wt.="" x="" xperiment="" yield="">0.05) among the treatments. At the maximum standing crops
attained, the-concentration of metabolites for all treatments was low but a
significant increase (P<0 -.="" -="" -fish="" -not="" -the="" -u.="" .05="" 0.03="" 0.20="" 0.33="" 0.40="" 0.70="" 0.71="" 0.84="" 0.85="" 0.96="" 0.99715.="" 1.0.-="" 1.02572="" 1.05="" 1.13="" 1.65.-="" 1.76.-="" 1.81="" 1.85="" 10.13="" 100-="" 100="" 1158.7-="" 117="" 12.18="" 121="" 12="" 1417.1-="" 144="" 14="" 15.4="" 15="" 16.75="" 1616.1="" 18-46-0="" 18.7="" 18="" 19.9oc="" 1979="" 1980.="" 1980="" 1981.="" 1981="" 1982.="" 1982="" 1983.="" 1983="" 1986.="" 1986="" 1="" 2.00="" 2.63="" 210="" 250="" 25="" 27="" 28="" 29="" 2="" 300="" 304.09="" 30="" 35="" 36.5oc="" 36="" 3="" 3rd="" 4000="" 40="" 42.95="" 42="" 45="" 4="" 500-m2="" 500="" 507.3="" 50="" 534.4="" 535.7="" 547.63="" 559.16="" 585.10="" 593.6="" 595.9="" 5="" 60="" 663.11="" 66="" 68.="" 69.="" 6="" 70.="" 71.="" 72.="" 73.="" 74.="" 75.="" 75="" 76.="" 77.="" 785.30="" 8.5="" 811.9="" 816.3="" 816.8="" 82="" 83="" 84="" 85.2="" 85.8="" 85.9="" 88.9="" 89.5="" 8="" 92.8="" 94="" 95.5="" 95.6="" 96.4="" 967.5="" 98.3="" 9="" :="" a="" about="" abundant="" ad="" advaced="" aeration="" affected="" after="" alkalininity.="" alkalinity="" all="" allometric="" almost="" alone="" also="" although="" ammonia="" among="" amount="" an="" analyses="" analysis-showed="" analysis="" and="" anderson.effect="" anet="" any="" application.="" application="" applications="" applied="" approximately="" aquaculture="" arch="" are="" arte="" as="" at="" attained="" available="" average="" b-the="" bag="" basal="" based="" basins="" basis.="" beato="" because="" becoming="" before="" began="" benefit="" best="" better="" between="" biomass="" block="" body="" both="" brackishwater="" but="" by="" c.="" carbon="" causes="" center="" centre="" cfosl-serials="" changes="" chanos="" chemical="" chicken="" chidozie.="" city.="" coefficient="" collecting="" college="" color="" combination="" combinations.="" combinations="" commercial="" community="" comparatively="" compared="" comparing="" comparison="" competition="" complete="" completely="" concentration="" concentrations="" condition="" conducted="" considerably="" consisted="" consistency.="" consistent="" constructed.="" control.="" control="" correlated="" correlation="" cost-benefit="" cost="" cotton="" critical="" crop.="" crop="" culture.="" culture="" d="" days="" december="" decrease="" densities="" density="" design.="" design="" designed="" determined.="" diammonium="" did="" diel="" differ="" differed="" difference.="" difference="" differences="" different.="" different="" differnt="" dioxide="" dissolved="" dosage="" double="" dragging="" dry="" due="" duration="" durations="" during="" each="" earthen="" economic="" economically="" effect="" effects="" egg="" eighteen="" enaeus="" end="" ended="" estimated="" evaluate="" evaluated="" evaluation="" except="" exerted="" existed="" experiment="" experimental="" extractable="" f5="" f="" fabian="" fabricius="" factor="" factorial="" factors="" feasiblee="" february="" fed="" feeding.-="" feeding="" fertilex="" fertilization="" fertilizer="" fertilizerrates="" fertilizers="" fertlizer="" ffertilex="" field="" fingerlings="" fish="" fisheries="" five="" floor="" fluctauted="" followed="" follows="" fontelera.="" food="" for="" forskal="" forsskal="" four="" free="" frequencies="" frequency="" from="" fry="" g.="" g="" gain="" gave="" gear="" general="" generally="" gerald="" greater="" gross="" growth="" ha.="" ha="" had="" hand="" hanos="" hard-boiled="" harvest="" has="" have="" he="" heavy="" high="" higher="" highest="" however.="" however="" hyacinth="" i.="" i="" ifeanyi-effects="" ii.="" ii="" iii.="" iii="" iloilo.="" iloilo="" in="" include="" included="" income="" increase="" increased.-="" incurred="" indicates="" initial="" inorganic="" intermediate="" intrusion="" iron.="" iron="" is="" isometric="" it="" its="" iv="" jagunap="" january="" jocelyn="" jonathan-evaluation="" jr.="" july="" kf="" kg="" lab-lab="" last="" latter="" leaves.="" leganes="" length-weight="" length="" level="" levels="" little="" loadings="" location:="" loss.="" losses="" low.="" low="" lower-has="" lower="" lowest="" m.="" m2="" m48="" manipulation="" manure.="" manure="" manures="" map="" march="" marginal="" matter="" may="" mean="" means="" meanweight="" measured="" mesa="" mesh="" methods="" miag-ao="" milkfish.="" milkfish="" minutes="" mm="" mo="" modified="" moisture="" monitored="" mono-ammonium="" monoammonium="" monoammoniun="" monoamonium="" monoculture="" monodon="" month="" months="" mossambica.="" most="" n47="" n96="" n="" namely="" natural="" negatively="" negligible="" nera="" net="" netting.="" netting="" never="" nh3-n="" nitrite-nitrogen="" nitrogen="" no="" noculture="" non-profitability="" not="" numerically="" nursery="" nwalozie="" nwosu="" nylon.="" nylon="" o2="" o38="" o46="" o69="" observed="" obtained="" october="" odunwa="" of="" okoye="" olawale="" olu.="" omoloyin="" on-set="" on="" once="" only="" operating="" or="" organic="" other="" others="" otubusin="" over="" oxygen="" p.="" p2="" p2o5="" p34="" p3="" p84="" p="" paler="" parameters="" per="" percent="" percentage="" performance="" period="" ph="" philippines.="" philippines="" phosphate="" phosphorous="" phosphorus="" physical="" physico-chemical="" pig="" plastic="" plunged="" plus="" polyculture.="" polyculture="" polycultureof="" polyester="" polyseter="" pond.="" pond="" pondds="" ponds.="" ponds="" positive="" positively="" ppm="" ppt="" prawn.="" prawn="" prawns="" price.-="" price="" primary="" production.="" production="" productivity="" profit="" profitable.="" profitable="" properties="" provided="" published="" pudadera="" q85="" quality="" quinitio="" rainy="" randomized="" ranged="" ranging="" rate.="" rate="" rates="" ratio.="" ratio="" ratios="" reatment="" received="" reduction="" relationship="" replicates.="" replicates="" replications.="" research="" respectively.="" respectively="" result="" resulted="" results="" return="" reveal="" reveals="" reynaldo="" rganic="" rock="" romeo="" salinity="" same="" samuel="" satisfactory="" seafdec="" season.="" selected="" september="" show="" showed="" significant.="" significant="" significantly="" similarly="" singly="" six="" size-fish="" size="" slightly="" smaller="" soil="" soilavailable="" solophos="" some="" soup-like="" sources="" sq.="" standard="" station="" statistical="" statistically="" stocked="" stocking="" storage.="" stored="" studied="" study.="" study="" subsequent="" summer="" sunrise="" sunset="" supplemental="" supplementary="" support="" survival.-="" survival.="" survival="" sweeper.="" sweeper="" system.="" temperature="" terms="" test="" tested="" tests="" than="" that="" the="" there="" these="" thesis-m.s.="" they="" this="" those="" though="" three-point="" three="" through="" throughout="" tilapia="" time="" times="" to="" total="" treament="" treatment.="" treatment="" treatmentii="" treatments-.="" treatments.-="" treatments.="" treatments:="" treatments="" trend="" trends="" trials.="" twelve="" two="" under="" unit="" university="" upv="" urea.="" urea="" urera="" use="" used="" using="" v.="" v="" value="" values="" various="" varying="" vi.="" visayas.="" visayas="" was="" water-soluble="" water="" week.="" week="" weekly="" weight="" were="" where="" which="" while="" whole="" widely.="" with="" within="" without="" x-lbecm="" x="" yield.-="" yield.="" yield="" yields="" yolk="">0.05) at different salinity levels nor at different
stocking density manipulation method could not be statistically demonstrated.
// The highest survival arte was 97.8 - at stocking density manipulation I with
8 ppt while the lowest was 95.5 - also at stocking density manipulation I with
32 ppt. Increase in length, however, differed significantly (P<0 -.="" -="" -chanos="" -u.="" .05="" .april="" 0.21="" 0.24="" 0.28="" 0.54="" 0.67="" 0.6="" 0.84="" 0.8="" 0.98="" 1.14="" 1.44-="" 1.44="" 1.48="" 10-="" 10="" 12="" 15="" 16="" 1979.="" 1979="" 1987.="" 1987="" 1990.="" 1990="" 1="" 20-="" 26="" 2="" 30="" 32="" 36="" 38="" 3="" 40="" 42="" 4="" 5="" 6-="" 60-l="" 60-liter="" 63="" 66.2-="" 78.="" 79.="" 80.="" 8="" a="" acceptable="" acid="" acids="" added="" adding="" addition="" after="" agnes="" all="" also="" amino="" among="" amount="" an="" analysis="" and="" animal="" apparently="" approximately="" aquaria="" are="" as="" assessed="" at:="" at="" average="" averaging="" b="" basal="" be="" better="" between="" body="" bone="" breakpoint="" but="" by="" c="" can="" cataract="" cfosl-serials="" chanos="" compare="" completely="" composed="" composition="" concentrate="" concentrations="" contain="" contained="" containing="" contributing="" controlled="" conversion="" copra="" corn="" could="" crystalline="" cystine.="" cystine="" daily="" data="" day.="" days="" deficient="" demonstrated.="" density="" depression="" detected="" did="" diet.="" diet="" dietary="" diets.="" diets="" differ="" difference="" differences="" different="" digestable="" dry="" each="" effect="" effects="" efficiency="" eighteen="" energy="" environment.="" equal="" equivalent="" essential="" essentially="" estimated="" experiment.="" experiment="" experimental="" extracted="" eye="" f5="" factorial="" fastest="" fat="" fed="" feed="" feeding.="" feeding="" fingerlings="" fish="" fisheries-u.="" fisheries="" fishmeal="" five="" flow="" followed="" for="" formulaated="" formulated="" forskal="" found="" fraction="" free="" from="" fry.="" fry="" g="" gain="" gains="" gave="" given="" glass="" gluten="" good="" graded="" growth="" had="" hanos="" higher="" highest="" i="" ii="" iii="" iloilo.="" in="" increase="" indicated="" interaction="" investigated="" ipil-ipil="" its="" juveniles.="" juveniles="" kcal="" kg="" l-cystine="" l-methionine="" l="" leaf="" leaves.="" length="" level="" levels.="" levels="" likewise="" linear="" location:="" low="" lower="" lynn="" major="" make="" manipulation="" march="" marte-the="" mary="" matter="" meal.="" meal="" meat="" methionine.="" methionine="" mg="" miag-ao="" milkfish="" mineral="" minute.="" more="" namely="" negative="" no="" not="" noted="" nutrients="" observed="" obtained="" of-protein="" of="" on="" only="" or="" orskal="" other="" p.="" per="" period="" plant="" ppt.-="" ppt="" practical="" presence="" primarily="" profile="" protein.="" protein="" proteins.="" proteins="" provided="" proximate="" quantities="" rate="" rates="" ratio="" received="" recirculating="" rectangular="" reduced="" regardless="" regression="" replace="" requirement="" respectively.="" respectively="" results="" s26="" s2="" s4="" salinity="" same="" samsi="" sardoma.="" sastrillo="" seneriches="" shrimp-head="" significant="" significantly="" since="" six="" size="" so="" soleh.="" soluble="" source="" sources="" soybean="" statistically="" stocked="" stocking="" suggesting="" suggests="" supplemented="" survival.="" survival="" system="" tanks="" test="" than="" that="" the="" these="" thesis-m.s.="" this="" those="" three="" through="" to="" tocking="" total="" toxicity="" treatment="" treatments.="" twelve="" two="" used="" using="" utilized="" value-and="" values.-="" values="" various="" very="" visayas.="" was="" water="" week="" weeks.="" weeks="" weight="" wer="" were="" when="" while="" white="" with="" x="">0.05) from that of fish fed diets with 15 - of its protein
from fishmeal (diet 2). Poor growth responses, survival and feed efficiency
were observed in fish fed diets containing corn gluten meal as the only source
of protein. Further supplementation of this diet with mineral fraction (diet 4)
or fat soluble extract (diet 5) did not improve these parameters of measure. It
is concluded that because of high biological value of fishmeal protein and the
present inability to improve plant proteins to one- of comparable quality,
diets for milkfish fry should include no less than 15 - of the protein from
fishmeal to attain maximum growth, survival and feed efficiency.-
81. Seraspe, Ebonia Balonon. Intensive feeding of milkfish fry
(Chanos chanos Forsskal) in net enclosures using complete and incomplete diets
at various protein levels. April 1979. 61 leaves. Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries -U.
P. in the Visayas. Miag-ao, Iloilo. Location: CFOSL-Serials (LG995 1979 F5 S47)
Twenty-six net enclosures (approximately 1 m3) suspended in a brackishwater
pond were used to grow milkfish fry (0.01 g average weight) to fingerling (0.75
g average weight) for 64 days to determine whether supplemental feeding will
increase growth and survival of fry; whether it is best to give
vitamin-enriched feed and what level of protein is considered optimal for
milkfish fry. Suitability of net enclosure for rearing milkfish fry was also
assessed. Four levels of crude protein (20-, 30-, 40- and 50-) in complete and
incomplete formulations were evaluated and assigned randomly among the
experimental units. feeds were given in fine crumbles, at 8 - to 6 - of total
body weight on a dry basis for six days a week. Survival was higher in complete
diet regime than in incomplete diet regime but there was no significant
difference with regards to growth. Forty percent (40-) was found to be the
optimum level of protein for maximum growth of the milkfish fry. Limitations
fro rearing fry in cages were met such as fouling of the net, low water
interchange in the net, increased labor costs for handling, feeding and cage
maintenance.-
82. Seraspi, Ebonia B. Intensive feeding of milkfish fry (Chanos
chanos forskal) in net enclosures using complete and incomplete diets at
various protein levels. 1979. xi,61 leaves:11 figs.,3 tabs.-Thesis-M.S. in
Fisheries-College of Fisheries, UPV, Iloilo. Location: SEAFDEC-AQDL; UPVCFOSL
(LG995 1995 F5 S47); UPVML; UPV-BACL-Twenty-six net enclosures (approximately 1
m3) suspended in a brackishwater pond were used to grow milkifish fry (0.01 g
average weight) to fingerlings (0.75 g average weight) for 64 days to determine
whether supplement feeding will increase growth and survival of fry; whether it
is best to give vitamin-enriched feed and what level of protein is considered
optimal for milkfish fry. Suitability of net enclosures for rearing milkfish
fry was also assessed. Four levels of crude protein (20-,30-,40- and 50-) in
complete and incomplete formulations were evaluated and assigned randomly among
the experimental units. Feeds were given in fine crumbles, at 8- to 6- of total
body weight on a dry weight basis for six days a week. Survival was higher in
complete diet regime than in incomplete diets regime but there was no
significant difference with regards to growth. Forty percent (40-) was found to
be the optimal level of protein for maximum growth of the milkfish fry.
Limitations in rearing fry in cages were met such as fouling of the net, low
water interchange in the net, increased labor costs for handling, feeding and
cage maintenance.-
83. Sumagaysay, Neila S.-Effects of dietary energy and fiber on
protein utilization of supplemental feeds of milkfish (Chanos chanos Forsskal)
reared in brackishwater ponds. July 1988. 46 leaves. Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries
-U. P. in the Visayas. Miag-ao, Iloilo. Location: CFOSL-Serials (LG995 1988 F5
S9) -The study explores the nutritive value of fiber in supplemental feeds for
milkfish. The experiment was designed so that all four treatments involved
equal loads of protein - N (6 g/kg fish/day) at two energy levels and varying
fiber loads. The use of fresh chicken manure, containing 17 - protein served as
the control treatment (1). Treatment 2 involved the use of diet with protein
and energy content similar to thet of chicken manure. Chicken manure and diet 2
were given at a higher rate (3.5 - compared to 2.4 - of body weight as ash free
dry matter), so that the daily protein-N load would be similar to the 25 -
protein diets in Treatments 3 and 4. Nitrogen free extract (NFE) in diet 4 was
largely replaced by fiber in diet 3 so that if fiber has the same energy value
as NFE, diets in Treatment 3 and 4 would be isocaloric and Treatment 2 would
have the highest energy load. Rice hull provided the bulk of dietary fiber. The
experiment was conducted in four units of 800 sq m earthen ponds, divided into
four quarters. Milkfish juveniles with an average initial weight of 29 g were
stocked at 7000/ha. After three months of culture, milkfish growth and
production and protein efficiency ratio were significantly higher (P<0 -="" .05="" 14.5="" 20="" 3="" 436="" and="" attained="" but="" compared="" containing="" diets="" difference="" fed="" fiber="" fish="" ha="" highest="" in="" kg="" manured="" no="" ponds="" respectively.="" significant="" to="" treatment="" was="" were="" with="" yield="">0.05) was observed with other feed treatments (600 kg/ha -
Treatment 2 ; 619 kg/ha - Treatment 4). Proper feed efficiency (5.8) was
observed in fish -exposed to 25 - protein diet (3.6) The lack of difference
between Treatments 3 and 4 suggests that energy is not limiting in the high
fiber diet (Treatment 3) but additional fiber (Treatment 2) does not further improve
growth. Higher feed and manure load did not adversely affect water quality. It
is concluded that adequate protein is needed for the proper utilization of
fiber and that the final choice of protein and fiber levels to use in the diets
would depend on cost.-
84. Syam, Rajuddin. Growth and survival of milkfish Chanos chanos
(Forsskal) fry in a closed recirculating system with various food sources.
October 1984. 68 leaves. Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries -U. P. in the Visayas.
Miag-ao, Iloilo. Location: CFOSL-Serials (LG995 1984 F5 S93) A 45 day feeding
experiment using a water-recirculating system was conducted to detrmine the
growth, survival and body composition of milkfish (Chanos chanos Forsskal)from
fry to fingerling in a 45 day culture period utilizing formulated feed, Artemia
chlorella as food sources, singly or in combination with each other. The
experiment had a total of seven treatments with four replicates. The formulated
feed only or in combination with Artemia and Chlorella (Treatments A, B, C and
D) resulted in higher weight gains of 129.22 mg, 94.83 mg, 77.64 mg and 73.94
mg, respectively, and percentage weight gains of 648.12 -, 467.77 -, 396.30-
and 362.27 -, respectively. Those fed Artemia singly (Treatment F) and in
combination with Chlorella (Treatment G) had weight gains of 55.48 mg and 36.50
mg respectively, and percentage weight gains of 280.89 - and 202.37 -
respectively. Those differences were found to be highly significant (P<0 -="" .01="" 39.12="" 42.38="" 44.78="" and="" c="" chlorella="" diets="" different="" each="" f="" fed="" feed="" formulated="" from="" fry="" g="" had="" higher="" not="" of="" only="" other="" plus="" rates="" respectively="" rteemia="" rtemia="" significantly="" survi="" val="" were="" which="">0.05). They were significantly different (P<0 -="" .01="" a="" ammonia="" and-mortality="" and="" b="" be="" between="" coefficients="" complete="" considered="" correlation="" culture="" d="" diet="" diets="" dissolved="" during="" e="" each="" fifth="" for="" from="" fry.="" fry="" given="" hlorella="" level="" milkfish="" mortality="" nitrate="" nitrite="" not="" of="" only="" optimal="" oxygeen="" parameters="" period.="" range="" rate="" significant="" suffered="" the="" to="" water="" week="" were="" within="">0.05). Within Diets F, G, and C, the level of body fats of
the fingerlings were 2.94 -, 2.01-, and 1.96 -, respectively, and moisture
contents were 70.43-, 68.69 -, and 68.11 -, respectively. There were found to
be higher than those in Diets A, B, and D. The overall results showed poor
growth and survival of the fry. Among the factors identified which contributed
to low survival are lack of any prophylactic treatment and residual level of
ammonia which resulted from insufficient replacement of water in the sumps.-
85. Tabbu, Marlo Yap. Polyculture of milkfish (Chanos chanos
Forsskal) with green mussel (Perna viridis Linnaeus) in brackishwater ponds.
July 1981. 52 leaves. Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries -U. P. in the Visayas. Miag-ao,
Iloilo. Location: CFOSL-Serials (LG995 1981 F5 T32) A preliminary study was
conducted to find out the feasibility of culturing green mussel (Perna viridis
Linnaeus) with milkfish (Chanos chanos Forsskal) in brackishwater ponds. The
treatments were : (a) monoculture of milkfish at 3,000 fingerlings/ha, (b)
polyculture of milkfish and mussels at 3,000 fingerlings/ha and 680,000 mussel
spat/ha. Culture was by plankton method (60 cm water depth) for milkfish and
horizontal hanging for the mussels. A significant difference in the mean body
weight of milkfish between the two treatments was obtained. The monoculture
yield a mean total milkfish production of 332.13 kg/ha, while in polyculture,
310.45 kg/ha of milkfish production was harvested. In one polyculture pond, a
recovery of 52.1 - was obtained from the mussels for a total harvest of 110 kg.
The mussel condition index was 38.87 - which is a little below the marketing
level of above 40 percent. based on the final harvest of the milkfish, the
total yield was found to be lowest where the recovery of mussel was highest.
This could be a result of insufficient food supply. A relation between the
gross photosynthesis measured by the open water method and milkfish yield was
observed in both treatments. The linear correlation was significantly higher in
polyculture than in monoculture ponds. // Results gave encouraging indication
that mussels could bee grown together with milkfish in brackishwater ponds. It
was noted that for milkfish-mussel polyculture to be successful, proper water
exchange and circulation should be observed through tidal flushing and with the
use if - necessary of water pump.-
86. Thomforde, Hugh. Effects of chicken manure and supplementary
feed on production of milkfish and red tilapia in polyculture in brackishwater
earthen ponds at different stocking densities. September 1987. 64 leaves.
Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries -U. P. in the Visayas. Miag-ao, Iloilo. Location:
CFOSL-Serials (LG995 1987 F5 T56)-The use of fresh chicken manure and pelleted
feed of similar proximate composition as nutrient inputs in brackishwater
ponds, was evaluated using milkfish (Chanos chanos Forsskal) and red tilapia
(Oreochromis spp. Philippine strain) in polyculture (about 1:1 ratio) at two
stocking rates (6254 and 6973 fish/ha).The fish were cultured for 99 days in
137 m2 quadrants of six 550 m2 earthen ponds, divided by nets and polyethylene
sheets, in a 2 x 2 factorial incomplete block design (each pond stock at a
single density). Fish were exposed to the treatments when natural food became
apparently limiting after 42 days of culture. Pond water temperature was 27o -
39oC and salinity was 35-37 ppt. Significantly higher production and harvest
weight was observed in the feed treatment for both tilapia and milkfish. The
differences in daily growth of tilapia between the feed and manure input was
larger at high density (44 - vs. 24 - difference). Growth of milkfish on feeds
(1.6 g/day) was significantly greater than on manure (1.3 g/day) only at high
density. Manure conversion at 2.75 dry input/kg yield was significantly higher
than feed conversion (1.67) but both values were not affected by stocking rate.
Milkfish exposed to feed exhibited significantly higher feeding and
hepatosomatic indices but no such difference was observed for tilapia.
Significantly higher fiber digestion was observed with manure loads. Tilapia
survival (70-89 -) was significantly lower at high density. The results
indicate better utilization of manure by milkfish than tilapia. Cost analysis
of the use of feed-and manure in fishpond culture show that within the range of
current prices in the Philippines use of manure is more profitable, but the
advantage of one over the other would depend upon regional and seasonal
differences in availability and cost. Error within treatments was reduced by
using randomized complete lock design with ponds as blocks. The effect of
treatments on water quality parameters is discussed.-
87. Torres, Catherine Santos. The effects of furnace on the gill
structure of milkfish Chanos chanos (Forskal) fingerlings. April 1979. 49
leaves. Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries-U. P. in the Visayas. Miag-ao, Iloilo.
Location: CFOSL-Serials; UPV-BACL LG995 1979 F5 T6) ;SEAFDEC-AQDL-The 96 h LC50
of furnace to milkfish (Chanos chanos) fingerlings was calculated at 1.70 ppm
with 95- confidence limits of 1.52 - 1.89 ppm. Histologicaly, the effects of
0.25, 0.50,1.00,2.00,2.00,2.30 and 2.50 ppm drug concentration on the gills
were examined. Fish exposed to all these test levels for 96- h and transferred
to untreated seawater for 240 h exhibited an initial characteristic reaction of
slight hyperplasia of the epithelium, together with clubbing at the tips of the
gill lamellae. Histological findings, however, do not warrant application of the
estimated 96 h LC50 which lies between 1.50 and 2.00 ppm. These two test levels
manifested irreversible damage until 240 h of recovery in fresh seawater.-
Mussels
88. Aypa, Simeona Vicencio Moyano. Various factors affecting
recovery and growth rate of transplanted mussels, Perna vividis (Linne). April
1980. 51 leaves. Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries-U. P. in the Visayas. Miag-ao,
Iloilo. Location: CFOSL-Serials (LG995 1980 F5 A96)-One hundred twenty thousand
green mussel, Perna viridis (Linne) spats ranging in size from 15 t 21 mm in
length were collected at Sapian Bay, Capiz. They were transplanted in Canas
Bay, Ajuy municipality, Iloilo province, Philippines and suspended from a raft
using four different types of substrates, namely: abaca or Manila rope (Musa Textilis),
cabo negro (Arenga sacchariifera), sasa or nipa (Nipa fruticans) and
polypropylene blue rope. Five stocking densities: 100, 200, 300, 400, and 500
mussels per meter rope was evaluated. The experiment was conducted from January
8 to April 23, 1978. Growth rate, recovery, optimum stocking density, optimum
water depth and rope durability were determined. Results show the feasibility
of farming mussels in areas without natural spatfall by spat transplantation.
For a 12 mm diameter rope, a stocking density of 200 to 300 mussels per meter
rope gave a standardized production of 0.66 kg per 100 mussels stocked,
recovery rate of 52.7 to 54.42 per cent and a growth rate of 9.8 mm per month
in 100 day culture period. Marketable size mussels over 50 mm in length with
condition index of 47 per cent were obtained which compared favorably with
those from natural spawning grounds.-
89. Baylon, Carlos Clemente, January 20, 1953-. Larval rearing and
settlement of the green mussel, Perna viridis. May 1988. 118 leaves. Dissertation—Ph
D. Biology and Living Resources—University of Miami, Florida, USA. Location:
CFOSL (LG 996 1988 F5 B38) Abstract: Larvae of the green mussel (Perna viridis)
were reared in the laboratory to determine optimum conditions for growth,
survival and settlement. In the test for the most suitable diet with sixteen
algal species, Isochrysis aff galbana (TI) gave the best larval growth although
it was not significantly different from Skeletonema costatum, Pavlova lutheri,
Emiliania huxleyi and Isochrysis galbana (Iso) From the biochemical analysis of
the algal diets and correlation with larval growth, a significant positive
correlation between algal lipid content and growth of the mussel larvae was
obtained. Feeding with single and mixed algal diets for three weeks resulted in
significant differences in survival of the mussel larvae but no significant
difference was observed among larval growth rates. In establishing the optimum
feeding level for the mussel larvae, maximum shell length was obtained at a ration
of 2,500 cells/larva/day of Isochrysis aff galbana (TI) for 70 and 82-um larvae
and at a ration of 5,000 cells/larvae/day for 190-um larvae. Rearing the mussel
larvae at 5 larvae/ml produced the highest growth and survival and at 50
larvae/ml, the lowest growth and survival were obtained. Of the ten substrate
materials tested for suitability to larval settlement, cotton had the highest
number of settling larvae although this was not significantly different from
the other substrates such as acrylic yarn, nylon, plastic screen, sisal and
jute substrate materials with rough surfaces had higher larval settlement
compared to those with smooth surfaces. In an attempt to enhance larval
settlement, Y-amino-n-butyric acid was added to the larval cultures, but this
did not result in a significant increase in larval settlement compared with the
control treatment. Oceanography
90. Cebu, Emilio H. Temporal Variabilities of Some Oceanographic Parameters in the Nearshore Waters of Miag-ao, Iloilo. April 2000. 114 leaves. Thesis-M.S. in Fisheries-U. P. in the Visayas. Miag-ao, Iloilo. Location: CFOSL-Serials (LG995 2000 F5 C42) -This study sought mainly to analyze the frequencies at which oceanographic variables, specifically, the significant variations, ranges or proportion of variations, the association among properties and, as an added consideration, the classification of sediments in the study area. Field sampling was conducted for five days near the Ocean Weather Laboratory project station in UPV, Miag-ao, Iloilo. Plain spectral analysis was used to analyze the variations and to explore relationships among variables. Various periodicities were revealed, most interesting of which were the shorter cycles (<12h -.="" -="" -capture.="" -two="" -u.="" -volatile="" .="" .wild="" 0.0-="" 0.02-="" 0.03="" 0.07-0.08="" 0.1="" 0.35="" 0.47="" 0.5="" 0.86.="" 0.8="" 0.93="" 0.956="" 0.97="" 0.98="" 1.08="" 1.0="" 1.15="" 1.29.="" 1.2="" 1.32="" 1.41="" 1.72="" 1.78="" 10.00="" 10.58="" 100.="" 100="" 102="" 1054="" 10="" 10raised="" 111="" 11="" 120="" 1233="" 12="" 13.2="" 13.49-="" 133="" 145="" 146="" 15-25="" 15-49-="" 15="" 167="" 1775="" 1798="" 17="" 1836="" 192m2="" 1979..="" 1979.="" 1979="" 1982.="" 1982="" 1985.="" 1985="" 1986.="" 1986="" 1988="" 1989.="" 1989="" 1994.="" 1994="" 1:3="" 1:4="" 1:5="" 1:6="" 1:7="" 1="" 1v="" 2-liter="" 2.40="" 2.44-="" 2.70="" 2.7="" 2.86="" 2.="" 20="" 22="" 230="" 23="" 24="" 25="" 25ppt="" 26-29oc="" 27="" 28.3-="" 29="" 2="" 2oc="" 3.07-="" 30="" 32-15="" 32="" 32oc="" 33-42="" 33.6="" 33.74-="" 33="" 34="" 354="" 356="" 35="" 35ppt="" 3="" 3hr="" 4-values="" 40="" 413="" 44-68-="" 457="" 45="" 48="" 4="" 5-6="" 5.1="" 50="" 54-liter="" 54.7-="" 55="" 56="" 58-="" 59="" 5="" 6.0="" 6.3="" 6.5="" 6.6="" 6.7.="" 6.7="" 60="" 61.8-="" 64-="" 6="" 6hr="" 72="" 74-114="" 75="" 7="" 7to="" 8-="" 8.2="" 826="" 82g="" 83="" 84-="" 88-="" 88="" 8="" 9-day="" 90="" 91.="" 92.="" 93.="" 94.="" 95.="" 96.="" 96="" 97.="" 98.="" 99.="" 9="" :="" a-amino="" a24="" a4="" a67="" a="" abdminal="" abdominal="" abeto="" ability="" ablated.="" ablated="" ablatedd="" ablation.="" ablation="" about="" abricus="" abundance="" acceptable.-="" acceptable="" acceptablee="" accepted="" acetes="" acetic="" achieved="" acid="" acids="" acitenobacter="" acount="" activities.="" activities="" actor="" added="" adding="" addition="" adjusted="" adult-size="" advice="" aeratin="" aeration.="" aeration="" aerationadn="" aeromonas="" affect="" affected="" affecting="" after="" against="" agencies="" aid="" airlift="" al.="" alamang="" alava="" alenciennes="" all="" allowed="" almost="" alonger="" already="" also="" alteromonas="" although="" alviola-posadas="" amalia="" ambient.="" ambient="" amino="" ammonia="" among="" amount="" an="" analyzed="" analyzer.="" and-41.07-="" and="" anterior="" anymore.="" appeared="" application="" april-june="" april="" apud="" aquaria="" aquarium="" arch="" are="" area.="" areas="" aroma.="" aroma="" around="" as="" aspects="" associations.="" astaxanthin="" at="" atretic="" attained="" attributed="" atvrejection="" atypical="" available="" average="" averaging="" aw="" b.-a="" b.="" b="" bacteria="" bacterial="" bagoong="" base-nitrogen="" batch="" batches="" bay="" be="" because="" become="" before="" began="" behavior="" behavioral="" below="" benefit="" berried="" best="" better="" between="" biased="" bigger="" biology="" biomass.="" biomass="" black="" blue="" body="" both.="" both="" bottom="" bred="" brining="" brokers="" bulk="" but="" by="" c34="" c="" ca2="" calanoga="" can="" cannibalism="" cannot="" carapace="" carried="" casein="" catch="" catches="" caught="" cavite="" cells="" certain="" cetes="" cfosl-serials="" change="" changes="" characterized="" cheesy="" chemical="" chlorination="" chosen="" chromobacterium="" city.="" cl-="" cl.="" cl="" cm="" coliform="" collected="" colony-="" colony="" color="" combination="" combinations.-="" combinations.="" combined="" commercial="" common="" compared="" comparison="" compensate="" complete="" completed="" composed="" comprised="" concentrations="" conclusive.="" conditions:="" conducted.="" conducted="" confirmed="" consequently="" constant="" consumption.-="" contain="" containers="" containing="" contamination="" content.="" content="" contents="" continous="" continously="" contrast="" contribution="" control.="" control="" controlled="" conversion="" corazon="" correlated="" correlation="" cortical="" cost="" count="" counts="" crassostrea="" crude="" ctober="" culture="" current.="" d.-effects="" d.="" d="" daily="" data="" day.="" day="" days.="" days="" dealers="" decline="" decreased="" decreasing="" deep="" degree="" delay.="" delay="" delays="" depth="" depurated="" depurating="" depuration="" depurationtrays="" derived="" despite="" detected="" deterioration="" determine="" detrmine="" developed="" development="" developmental="" diameter="" diameters="" did="" dietary="" diets="" diffentiating="" differ="" difference="" differences="" different="" dip="" direct="" discussed.-="" dissappeared="" dissolved="" distinct="" distribution="" doe="" done="" doublesand="" drop="" dry="" drying.="" drying="" due="" during="" dynamics="" each="" earthen="" effeciency="" effect="" effective="" effects="" efficiency.-="" efficiency="" efficient="" efficiently="" egg="" eggs.="" eggs="" eight="" employed.="" enaeus="" end="" enormous="" enough="" enterobacter.-="" environment.="" environmental="" esterlita="" estimated="" estimates="" et="" evaluation="" even="" examination="" exist="" expensive.-="" experiment="" experiments="" explain="" exposed="" eyestalk="" f5="" fabricius.="" fabricius="" facilities.="" factors="" faster="" favor="" february="" fed="" feeback="" feed="" feeding="" female="" females="" fermentation.="" fermentation="" filled="" filtered="" filtration="" first="" fish="" fisheries-u.="" fisheries="" fishermen="" fishery="" fishing="" fishponds="" five="" flavor="" flora="" florentino="" flow-through="" flow="" flows:treatment="" fluctuated="" followed="" following:="" following="" for="" forces="" formation="" formed="" former="" formula="" formulation="" forskal="" found.="" found="" four="" fourth="" frequency="" fresh="" frigate="" fro="" from="" fry="" fsh="" fully="" further="" g34="" g="" gain="" gains="" gallego="" gas="" gave="" gear="" gears="" generally="" gillnet="" given="" gonadosomatic="" government="" greater="" groups="" growing.="" growth="" h6="" habitats="" habits="" had="" harvest="" hatch="" hatchery="" hatching="" have="" help="" hence="" high="" higher="" highest="" highly="" hindered="" histamine="" histological="" hour.="" hour="" hours="" however="" hr.="" hr="" hrimp="" human="" i.e.="" i="" ice-october="" ice-stored="" ice="" identification="" ii="" iii="" iloilo.="" iloilo="" immature="" implying="" important="" improved="" in="" including="" income="" increase="" increased="" increases="" increasing="" incubation="" index="" indicate="" indicated="" indicates="" indication="" indications="" indices="" individual="" individually="" information="" inhibition.="" initial="" innate="" intense="" interested="" intermediate="" inversely="" ionic="" ions="" iredalei="" is="" isocaloric="" isolates="" isotherm="" it="" iv.="" iv="" july="" juveniles.="" juveniles="" k-="" k-value="" k="" key="" kill="" l.="" l.subviridis="" l3="" l="" labuan="" lake="" large="" larva="" larvae.-="" larvae="" lasola="" latter="" latters="" leaves.="" led="" legaspi.="" length-weight="" length="" lengths="" less="" level="" levelled="" levels.="" levels="" life="" light="" lights.-="" like="" likewise="" limited="" limpapa="" liter="" literature.="" liters="" liza="" load="" lobster="" lobsters="" location:="" longer="" loss="" low="" lower="" lowest="" luffts="" lupin="" m3="" m="" mackerel="" mainly="" major="" males="" manila="" marceliano="" march.="" march="" marine="" mario="" markedly="" market="" maturatin-salinity="" maturation="" mature="" matured="" may="" meal="" mean="" measured.="" measured="" measurements="" measuring="" media.="" media="" medium="" mesh="" method.="" method="" methods="" methodsof="" methoods="" mg2="" mg="" miag-ao="" microaerophilic="" microbial="" might="" migration="" migratory="" mindoro="" minor="" minute.="" minutes="" mixing="" mm="" moisture="" monitored="" monitoring="" monodon="" more.="" more="" mortality="" most="" movement="" movements="" mpn="" mu="" much="" mullet.="" mullet="" multiple="" munsell="" n.-the="" n54="" n="" na="" naic="" natural="" naujan="" needed="" netted="" nieto="" ninnette="" no="" non-black="" none="" not="" notation="" november="" number="" numbers="" nursery="" oarian="" observations="" observed="" obtain="" obtained:="" obtained="" occurred="" oceanographic="" october="" of.ripening.="" of10="" of20-="" of="" off-smell="" off="" old="" on="" one-minute="" one-year="" one.="" one="" only="" onsumer="" oocytes="" optimum.="" optimum="" or="" order="" organisms="" organoleptic="" oriental="" original="" ornatus.="" ornatus="" orskal="" other="" out="" ovarian="" ovaries.="" ovaries="" ovary="" over="" ovum="" oxygen:="" oyster="" oysters.="" oysters="" ozone="" p.="" p32="" p33="" p48="" p4="" p5="" p="" packed="" panulirus="" paste="" pattern="" peak="" penaeus="" per="" percent="" perforated="" perinucleoalar="" period.="" period="" ph:p8-="" ph="" philippine="" philippines.="" physiologically="" pinkish="" piquero.="" placed="" plastic="" plesiomonas="" plete="" plus="" pods="" pond-reared="" ponds.="" ponds="" pooled="" popuation="" population="" positively="" possible="" post="" posterior="" ppm.="" ppt.="" ppt="" practical="" prawn="" prawns="" pre-formed.="" predominantly="" preferences="" preliminary="" prepared="" presence="" present="" presented="" prior="" probable="" procedure="" procesing="" process="" producers.="" producers="" product.="" product="" production="" profile="" pronounced.="" protein.="" protein="" proved="" pseudomonas="" purification="" purple="" putrefaciens="" pvp-iodine="" qualities="" quality.="" quality="" quantitative="" quantitatively="" rainy="" raised="" ramos.="" range.="" ranged="" rate="" rates="" ratio.="" ratio="" ratios="" raw="" reached="" reading="" readings="" realtively="" reamining="" reared="" rearing="" recommended="" record="" recorded="" rectangular="" red="" reddish-purple="" reddish="" reduce="" reduced="" reducing="" reduction="" regarding="" regular="" rejected="" rejection.="" rejection="" relationship="" relevant="" replicate="" reproductive="" requirement="" requirements="" requires="" researchers.-="" resident="" residue="" respectiely.="" respectively.="" respectively="" responsible="" result="" resulted="" results="" revealed="" ripening.="" ripening="" rods="" room="" rosario="" rp="" runs="" ruth.="" safe="" saline="" salinities.="" salinity:="" salinity="" salt-ripened="" salt-to-shrimp="" salt="" salted="" salting.="" salting="" salty="" same="" sample.="" sample="" sampled="" samples="" sampling="" sand-gravel="" sand="" satisfactory="" screening="" season="" seasonality="" seasons="" seawater.="" seawater="" second="" sections="" sediments="" seheli="" selective.="" sensory="" separate="" september="" set="" sex="" sexes="" sharp="" shelf="" shelters="" shift="" shifted="" shorter="" showed="" showing="" shown="" shrimp="" shrimps="" side.="" significant="" significantly="" similar="" simultaneous="" single="" site="" sites.="" sites="" six="" sixteen="" size="" sizes="" slipper-shaped="" smell.="" smell="" smoke-dried="" smoked-dried="" socio-economic="" sole="" some="" sorbate="" sorption="" source="" sources="" soybean="" sp.="" spawn="" spawned="" spawners="" spawning.="" spawning="" species="" specifications.="" spoilage="" spoilers="" spp.="" squid="" stage.="" stage="" stages.="" stages="" standard="" standardized="" starting="" sterilization="" sterilized="" stocked="" storage="" stored="" studied="" studies.="" studies="" study.="" study="" subjected="" subsequent="" subviridis.="" subviridis="" succeeded="" suceeding2="" such="" sugpo="" sulfides="" sulphide="" summer="" supplemented="" supply="" survival="" survived="" surviving="" system.="" system="" t.="" table="" tage="" taken="" tank="" tanks="" taste.="" taste="" technology="" temperature:="" temperature="" temperatures="" ten="" terms="" test="" tested="" than="" that="" thazard="" the="" their="" theoretical="" there="" therefore="" these="" thesis-m.s.="" they="" third="" this="" those="" thraic="" three="" tidally-induced="" time.="" time="" tissues="" to="" tolerate="" torrymeter="" total="" towards="" treatment.="" treatment="" treatments.="" treatments:="" treatments="" treatmentss="" trial="" trials="" tvb-n="" two="" type="" types="" unablated="" unavailability="" uncontrollable="" under="" undertaken.="" unfamiliar="" unilateral="" unilaterally="" unpacked="" unsalted="" unsatisfactory="" upon="" use="" used.="" used="" useful="" using="" utilize.="" uv="" uxis="" v.="" v="" valamugil="" valenciennes="" value="" values="" variables="" varied="" various="" varying="" veronica="" versa.="" very="" viable="" vibrio="" vice="" viloria.="" visayas-iloilo="" visayas-miag-ao="" visayas.="" volatile="" was="" water.="" water="" waters="" weak="" week="" weeks.="" weeks="" weight="" weights="" well="" were:="" were="" when="" whereas="" wherein="" which="" while="" wind="" with="" without="" withreseroir="" wooden-galss="" woodentanks="" x="" xperiment="" yielding="" yolky="" zamboanga="" zoea="" zoeal="">0.10) relationship with survival. No interaction effect was observed between factors A and B. In terms of growth, the final average body weight varied inversely with survival, so that treatment B obtained the lowest mean weight of 365 mg, followed by C, 393 mg;A 420 mg; and D, 478 mg. The differences, however, were not significant, thus, total prawn biomass was still directly related to survival. Overall results showed a more promising results for treatments B and C in terms of survival and total-yield compared t treatments A and D. Simple economic analysis, however, showed better economic viability for treatments A and B over C and D.-
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